Semantics and Pragmatics

4.

Formal Semantics

4.1.

Logical Foundations

4.1.1.

Propositional Logic

4.1.1.1.

Syntax of Propositional Logic

4.1.1.2.

Semantics of Propositional Logic

4.1.1.3.

4.1.1.4.

Logical Connectives

4.1.2.

Predicate Logic

4.1.2.1.

Syntax of Predicate Logic

4.1.2.2.

Semantics of Predicate Logic

4.1.2.3.

Quantifiers in Logic

4.1.2.4.

Variables and Binding

4.1.2.5.

Lambda Calculus

4.2.

Truth-Conditional Semantics

4.2.1.

Truth Values and Truth Conditions

4.2.2.

Semantic Relations

4.2.2.1.

4.2.2.2.

4.2.2.3.

4.2.2.4.

4.2.3.

Tests for Semantic Relations

4.2.3.1.

Entailment Tests

4.2.3.2.

Contradiction Tests

4.2.3.3.

Paraphrase Tests

4.3.

Model-Theoretic Semantics

4.3.1.

Models and Interpretations

4.3.2.

Domains of Discourse

4.3.3.

Assignment Functions

4.3.4.

Satisfaction and Truth

4.3.5.

Semantic Evaluation

4.4.

Advanced Formal Topics

4.4.1.

Possible Worlds Semantics

4.4.1.1.

Possible Worlds

4.4.1.2.

Accessibility Relations

4.4.1.3.

Modal Operators

4.4.1.4.

Counterfactuals

4.4.2.

Tense and Temporal Semantics

4.4.2.1.

4.4.2.2.

Temporal Reference

4.4.2.3.

Aspect and Aktionsart

4.4.2.4.

Event Semantics

4.4.3.

4.4.3.1.

Types of Modality

4.4.3.1.1.

Epistemic Modality

4.4.3.1.2.

Deontic Modality

4.4.3.1.3.

Dynamic Modality

4.4.3.2.

Modal Auxiliaries

4.4.3.3.

Modal Logic Systems

4.4.3.4.

Gradable Modality

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5. Pragmatic Theory