Semantics and Pragmatics

3.

Compositional Semantics

3.1.

Principles of Composition

3.1.1.

The Principle of Compositionality

3.1.2.

Building Meaning from Parts

3.1.3.

Compositional vs. Non-Compositional Expressions

3.1.4.

Semantic Combination Rules

3.2.

Semantic Roles and Argument Structure

3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.

3.2.1.2.

3.2.1.3.

3.2.1.4.

3.2.1.5.

3.2.1.6.

3.2.1.7.

3.2.1.8.

3.2.1.9.

3.2.1.10.

3.2.2.

Argument Structure

3.2.2.1.

Valency and Subcategorization

3.2.2.2.

Argument Realization

3.2.2.3.

3.2.2.4.

Alternations in Argument Structure

3.3.

Ambiguity and Disambiguation

3.3.1.

Types of Ambiguity

3.3.1.1.

Lexical Ambiguity

3.3.1.2.

Structural Ambiguity

3.3.1.3.

Scope Ambiguity

3.3.1.4.

Attachment Ambiguity

3.3.2.

Disambiguation Strategies

3.3.2.1.

Contextual Disambiguation

3.3.2.2.

Syntactic Disambiguation

3.3.2.3.

Semantic Disambiguation

3.3.2.4.

Pragmatic Disambiguation

3.3.3.

Processing Ambiguous Sentences

3.4.

Quantification and Scope

3.4.1.

3.4.1.1.

Universal Quantification

3.4.1.2.

Existential Quantification

3.4.1.3.

Generalized Quantifiers

3.4.1.4.

Quantifier Scope

3.4.2.

Scope Phenomena

3.4.2.1.

Scope Ambiguity

3.4.2.2.

3.4.2.3.

Quantifier Raising

3.4.2.4.

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4. Formal Semantics