Sampling Theory

9.

Survey Design and Implementation

9.1.

Survey Planning Process

9.1.1.

Objective Definition

9.1.2.

Target Population Specification

9.1.3.

Sampling Design Selection

9.1.4.

Data Collection Planning

9.1.5.

Budget and Timeline Development

9.1.6.

Quality Requirements

9.2.

Questionnaire Development

9.2.1.

Question Design Principles

9.2.1.1.

Clear and Unambiguous Wording

9.2.1.2.

Avoiding Leading Questions

9.2.1.3.

Response Option Design

9.2.2.

9.2.2.1.

Open-Ended Questions

9.2.2.2.

Closed-Ended Questions

9.2.2.3.

9.2.2.4.

Ranking Questions

9.2.3.

Question Ordering Effects

9.2.3.1.

Context Effects

9.2.3.2.

Priming Effects

9.2.3.3.

Fatigue Considerations

9.2.4.

Questionnaire Structure

9.2.4.1.

Introduction and Instructions

9.2.4.2.

9.2.4.3.

9.2.4.4.

Closing Sections

9.2.5.

Pretesting Methods

9.2.5.1.

Cognitive Interviews

9.2.5.2.

9.2.5.3.

9.2.5.4.

9.3.

Data Collection Modes

9.3.1.

Face-to-Face Interviews

9.3.1.1.

Advantages and Limitations

9.3.1.2.

Interviewer Training

9.3.1.3.

Quality Control

9.3.2.

Telephone Surveys

9.3.2.1.

Random Digit Dialing

9.3.2.2.

Listed Sample Approaches

9.3.2.3.

Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing

9.3.3.

9.3.3.1.

Design Considerations

9.3.3.2.

Response Enhancement

9.3.3.3.

Follow-up Procedures

9.3.4.

9.3.4.1.

Online Panel Surveys

9.3.4.2.

Email Invitations

9.3.4.3.

Web Survey Design

9.3.4.4.

Mobile Optimization

9.3.5.

Mixed-Mode Surveys

9.3.5.1.

Sequential Mixed-Mode

9.3.5.2.

Concurrent Mixed-Mode

9.3.5.3.

9.3.5.4.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

9.4.

Field Operations

9.4.1.

Interviewer Training

9.4.2.

Field Supervision

9.4.3.

Quality Monitoring

9.4.4.

Data Collection Monitoring

9.4.5.

Problem Resolution

9.5.

Data Processing

9.5.1.

Data Capture Methods

9.5.2.

Edit and Imputation

9.5.3.

Coding Procedures

9.5.4.

Weight Calculation

9.5.5.

File Preparation

9.6.

Survey Evaluation

9.6.1.

Response Rate Analysis

9.6.2.

Data Quality Assessment

9.6.3.

9.6.4.

Lessons Learned

9.6.5.

Recommendations for Future Surveys

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8. Advanced Sampling Topics

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1. Foundations of Sampling Theory