Sampling Theory

  1. Sample Size Determination
    1. Factors Influencing Sample Size
      1. Desired Precision
        1. Margin of Error Specifications
          1. Confidence Level Requirements
            1. Population Variability
              1. Known Variance
                1. Estimated Variance
                  1. Pilot Study Information
                  2. Population Size Effects
                    1. Cost and Resource Constraints
                      1. Design Effect Considerations
                        1. Power Requirements
                        2. Sample Size for Means
                          1. Basic Formula Derivation
                            1. Known Variance Cases
                              1. Unknown Variance Cases
                                1. Finite Population Adjustments
                                  1. Examples and Applications
                                  2. Sample Size for Proportions
                                    1. Proportion Estimation Formula
                                      1. Conservative Approaches
                                        1. Prior Information Use
                                          1. Worst-Case Scenarios
                                            1. Examples and Calculations
                                            2. Finite Population Corrections
                                              1. When to Apply FPC
                                                1. Impact on Required Sample Size
                                                  1. Cost-Benefit Considerations
                                                  2. Sample Size for Complex Designs
                                                    1. Stratified Sampling Allocation
                                                      1. Cluster Sampling Considerations
                                                        1. Multi-Stage Design Effects
                                                          1. Unequal Probability Sampling
                                                          2. Practical Considerations
                                                            1. Nonresponse Rate Adjustments
                                                              1. Oversampling Strategies
                                                                1. Pilot Study Planning
                                                                  1. Budget Constraints
                                                                    1. Timeline Considerations

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                                                                  5. Advanced Estimation Techniques

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                                                                  7. Handling Non-Sampling Errors