Ruby Programming Language

2.

Ruby Syntax and Basic Concepts

2.1.

"Hello, World!" Program

2.1.1.

Writing and Running the Program

2.1.2.

Understanding Output Methods

2.1.3.

Program Structure

2.2.

2.2.1.

Single-line Comments

2.2.2.

Multi-line Comments

2.2.3.

Documentation Comments

2.2.4.

Best Practices for Commenting

2.2.5.

Inline Comments

2.3.

Variables and Constants

2.3.1.

Local Variables

2.3.1.1.

2.3.1.2.

2.3.2.

Instance Variables

2.3.2.1.

Syntax and Usage

2.3.2.2.

Scope within Objects

2.3.3.

Class Variables

2.3.3.1.

2.3.3.2.

Inheritance Behavior

2.3.4.

Global Variables

2.3.4.1.

Syntax and Usage

2.3.4.2.

2.3.5.

2.3.5.1.

Definition and Usage

2.3.5.2.

Reassignment Warnings

2.3.6.

Naming Conventions

2.3.6.1.

2.3.6.2.

Uppercase for Constants

2.3.6.3.

Special Prefixes

2.3.6.3.1.

@ for Instance Variables

2.3.6.3.2.

@@ for Class Variables

2.3.6.3.3.

$ for Global Variables

2.4.

Data Types (Everything is an Object)

2.4.1.

2.4.1.1.

2.4.1.1.1.

2.4.1.1.2.

Numeric Literals

2.4.1.1.3.

Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal

2.4.1.2.

Floating-Point Numbers (Float)

2.4.1.2.1.

Float Precision

2.4.1.2.2.

Scientific Notation

2.4.1.3.

Rational Numbers

2.4.1.3.1.

Creating Rational Objects

2.4.1.3.2.

Exact Arithmetic

2.4.1.4.

Complex Numbers

2.4.1.4.1.

2.4.1.4.2.

Mathematical Operations

2.4.1.5.

Numeric Methods

2.4.1.5.1.

Arithmetic Operations

2.4.1.5.2.

Comparison Methods

2.4.1.5.3.

Type Conversion

2.4.2.

2.4.2.1.

String Literals

2.4.2.1.1.

2.4.2.1.2.

2.4.2.1.3.

Percent Notation

2.4.2.2.

String Interpolation

2.4.2.2.1.

Expression Embedding

2.4.2.2.2.

Formatting Options

2.4.2.3.

Escape Sequences

2.4.2.3.1.

Common Escape Characters

2.4.2.3.2.

Unicode Escapes

2.4.2.4.

Multiline Strings (Heredocs)

2.4.2.4.1.

2.4.2.4.2.

Indented Heredocs

2.4.2.5.

String Encoding

2.4.2.5.1.

2.4.2.5.2.

Encoding Methods

2.4.2.6.

Common String Methods

2.4.2.6.1.

2.4.2.6.2.

2.4.2.6.3.

Case Conversion

2.4.2.6.4.

Splitting and Joining

2.4.2.6.5.

Searching and Replacing

2.4.2.6.6.

Pattern Matching

2.4.3.

2.4.3.1.

2.4.3.2.

Symbol vs. String

2.4.3.2.1.

Memory Efficiency

2.4.3.2.2.

2.4.3.3.

Use Cases for Symbols

2.4.3.3.1.

2.4.3.3.2.

2.4.3.3.3.

2.4.4.

Booleans and nil

2.4.4.1.

true and false Objects

2.4.4.2.

2.4.4.3.

Truthiness and Falsiness

2.4.4.3.1.

2.4.4.3.2.

2.5.

2.5.1.

Arithmetic Operators

2.5.1.1.

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication

2.5.1.2.

Division and Modulo

2.5.1.3.

2.5.2.

Assignment Operators

2.5.2.1.

Simple Assignment

2.5.2.2.

Compound Assignment

2.5.3.

Comparison Operators

2.5.3.1.

Equality and Inequality

2.5.3.2.

Relational Operators

2.5.3.3.

Spaceship Operator

2.5.4.

Logical Operators

2.5.4.1.

2.5.4.2.

Short-Circuit Evaluation

2.5.5.

Range Operators

2.5.5.1.

Inclusive Range

2.5.5.2.

Exclusive Range

2.5.6.

Ternary Operator

2.5.6.1.

Conditional Expression

2.5.6.2.

2.5.7.

Operator Precedence

2.5.7.1.

Precedence Rules

2.5.7.2.

2.6.

Input and Output

2.6.1.

Printing to the Console

2.6.1.1.

2.6.1.2.

2.6.1.3.

2.6.1.4.

2.6.2.

Getting User Input

2.6.2.1.

2.6.2.2.

2.6.2.3.

Input Validation

2.6.3.

Formatting Output

2.6.3.1.

String Formatting

2.6.3.2.

Number Formatting

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1. Introduction to Ruby

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3. Control Flow and Logic