Robotics and Autonomous Systems

9.

Safety, Reliability, and Ethics

9.1.

Safety Engineering

9.1.1.

Hazard Identification

9.1.2.

Risk Assessment Methods

9.1.2.1.

Fault Tree Analysis

9.1.2.2.

Event Tree Analysis

9.1.2.3.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

9.1.3.

Safety Standards

9.1.3.1.

ISO 13482 for Service Robots

9.1.3.2.

ISO 10218 for Industrial Robots

9.1.3.3.

Functional Safety Standards

9.2.

Fault Tolerance and Reliability

9.2.1.

Fault Detection Methods

9.2.1.1.

Model-based Detection

9.2.1.2.

Signal-based Detection

9.2.1.3.

Knowledge-based Detection

9.2.2.

Fault Isolation and Recovery

9.2.3.

Redundancy Strategies

9.2.3.1.

Hardware Redundancy

9.2.3.2.

Software Redundancy

9.2.3.3.

Analytical Redundancy

9.2.4.

Graceful Degradation

9.3.

Verification and Validation

9.3.1.

9.3.1.1.

9.3.1.2.

Theorem Proving

9.3.2.

Testing Strategies

9.3.2.1.

Black-box Testing

9.3.2.2.

White-box Testing

9.3.2.3.

9.3.3.

Certification Processes

9.4.

Human-Robot Interaction

9.4.1.

Safety in Human-Robot Collaboration

9.4.1.1.

Collision Detection and Avoidance

9.4.1.2.

9.4.1.3.

Speed and Separation Monitoring

9.4.2.

User Interface Design

9.4.2.1.

Teleoperation Interfaces

9.4.2.2.

Augmented Reality Interfaces

9.4.2.3.

Voice and Gesture Control

9.4.3.

Social Robotics Considerations

9.4.3.1.

Human-aware Navigation

9.4.3.2.

Social Cues Recognition

9.4.3.3.

Emotional Intelligence

9.5.

Ethical Considerations

9.5.1.

Autonomy and Moral Agency

9.5.2.

Privacy and Data Protection

9.5.3.

Algorithmic Bias and Fairness

9.5.4.

Job Displacement Issues

9.5.5.

Lethal Autonomous Weapons

9.5.6.

Transparency and Explainability

9.5.7.

Responsibility and Accountability

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8. System Integration and Implementation

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10. Applications and Case Studies