Railway Engineering

  1. Track Geometry and Alignment
    1. Principles of Track Geometry
      1. Track Gauge
        1. Measurement Standards
          1. Tolerance Limits
          2. Cross Level
            1. Definition and Measurement
              1. Acceptable Variations
              2. Alignment Tolerances
                1. Horizontal Alignment
                  1. Vertical Alignment
                2. Horizontal Alignment
                  1. Straight Track
                    1. Design Considerations
                      1. Sight Distance
                        1. Maintenance Access
                        2. Maintenance of Alignment
                          1. Survey Methods
                            1. Correction Techniques
                          2. Circular Curves
                            1. Elements of a Curve
                              1. Radius of Curvature
                                1. Degree of Curve
                                  1. Chord Length
                                  2. Minimum Curve Radius
                                    1. Speed Limitations
                                      1. Vehicle Constraints
                                    2. Transition Curves
                                      1. Purpose and Types
                                        1. Spiral Curves
                                          1. Cubic Parabola
                                          2. Design Parameters
                                            1. Length Calculation
                                              1. Rate of Change of Curvature
                                          3. Vertical Alignment
                                            1. Gradients
                                              1. Maximum Permissible Gradient
                                                1. Ruling Gradient
                                                  1. Pusher Gradient
                                                  2. Effects on Operation
                                                    1. Traction Requirements
                                                      1. Braking Distance
                                                    2. Grade Compensation on Curves
                                                      1. Compensation Formula
                                                        1. Application Limits
                                                        2. Vertical Curves
                                                          1. Crest Curves
                                                            1. Sight Distance Requirements
                                                              1. Design Standards
                                                              2. Sag Curves
                                                                1. Comfort Considerations
                                                                  1. Drainage Requirements
                                                                  2. Design Criteria
                                                                    1. Minimum Curve Length
                                                                      1. Rate of Change of Grade
                                                                  3. Superelevation
                                                                    1. Purpose and Calculation
                                                                      1. Centrifugal Force Balance
                                                                        1. Calculation Methods
                                                                        2. Methods of Providing Cant
                                                                          1. Raising Outer Rail
                                                                            1. Lowering Inner Rail
                                                                            2. Cant Deficiency and Cant Excess
                                                                              1. Operational Implications
                                                                                1. Passenger Comfort
                                                                                  1. Wheel-Rail Forces
                                                                                  2. Design Limits
                                                                                2. Speed on Curves
                                                                                  1. Limiting Factors
                                                                                    1. Cant Limitations
                                                                                      1. Vehicle Dynamics
                                                                                      2. Safe Speed Calculation
                                                                                        1. Formula Development
                                                                                          1. Safety Margins

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                                                                                      2. The Permanent Way (Track Engineering)

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                                                                                      4. Points and Crossings