Radiation Detection and Measurement

  1. Scintillation Detectors
    1. Principles of Scintillation
      1. Luminescence Mechanisms
        1. Fluorescence
          1. Phosphorescence
          2. Energy Transfer Processes
            1. Excitation Mechanisms
              1. De-excitation Pathways
              2. Scintillation Efficiency
              3. Types of Scintillators
                1. Inorganic Scintillators
                  1. Alkali Halides
                    1. Sodium Iodide Thallium-Activated
                      1. Cesium Iodide Thallium-Activated
                        1. Properties and Applications
                        2. Oxide Scintillators
                          1. Bismuth Germanate
                            1. Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate
                              1. Gadolinium Oxyorthosilicate
                              2. Other Inorganic Materials
                                1. Calcium Fluoride
                                  1. Barium Fluoride
                                2. Organic Scintillators
                                  1. Crystalline Organics
                                    1. Anthracene
                                      1. Stilbene
                                        1. Naphthalene
                                        2. Liquid Scintillators
                                          1. Solvent Systems
                                            1. Primary and Secondary Solutes
                                              1. Cocktail Preparation
                                              2. Plastic Scintillators
                                                1. Polymer Matrices
                                                  1. Dopant Systems
                                                    1. Fiber Scintillators
                                                2. Light Collection and Transport
                                                  1. Optical Coupling
                                                    1. Coupling Materials
                                                      1. Index Matching
                                                      2. Light Guides
                                                        1. Fiber Optics
                                                          1. Solid Light Guides
                                                          2. Reflectors and Light Collection Efficiency
                                                          3. Photomultiplier Tubes
                                                            1. Photocathode
                                                              1. Photoelectric Effect
                                                                1. Quantum Efficiency
                                                                  1. Spectral Response
                                                                  2. Electron Focusing System
                                                                    1. Dynode Chain
                                                                      1. Electron Multiplication Process
                                                                        1. Gain Characteristics
                                                                        2. Anode
                                                                          1. Signal Collection
                                                                            1. Output Characteristics
                                                                            2. PMT Performance Parameters
                                                                              1. Dark Current
                                                                                1. Timing Resolution
                                                                                  1. Linearity
                                                                                2. Silicon Photomultipliers
                                                                                  1. Structure and Operation Principle
                                                                                    1. Avalanche Photodiodes
                                                                                      1. Geiger Mode Operation
                                                                                        1. Comparison with PMTs
                                                                                          1. Applications and Advantages
                                                                                          2. Applications
                                                                                            1. Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
                                                                                              1. Medical Imaging
                                                                                                1. High Energy Physics
                                                                                                  1. Environmental Monitoring

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                                                                                                5. Gas-Filled Detectors

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                                                                                                7. Semiconductor Detectors