Quantum Optics

5.

Quantum Coherence and Correlations

5.1.

First-Order Coherence

5.1.1.

Coherence Function Definition

5.1.1.1.

Temporal Coherence

5.1.1.2.

Spatial Coherence

5.1.2.

Degree of Coherence

5.1.2.1.

Normalized Correlation Function

5.1.2.2.

5.1.2.3.

Coherence Length

5.1.3.

Interference Phenomena

5.1.3.1.

Young's Double-Slit

5.1.3.2.

Michelson Interferometer

5.1.3.3.

Visibility Measurements

5.2.

Second-Order Coherence

5.2.1.

Correlation Functions

5.2.1.1.

Second-Order Coherence Function

5.2.1.2.

Normalized g⁽²⁾ Function

5.2.2.

Photon Statistics

5.2.2.1.

Bunching Behavior

5.2.2.2.

Antibunching Behavior

5.2.2.3.

Classical vs Quantum Light

5.2.3.

Hanbury Brown-Twiss Effect

5.2.3.1.

Intensity Correlations

5.2.3.2.

Experimental Setup

5.2.3.3.

Stellar Interferometry

5.2.4.

Single-Photon Sources

5.2.4.1.

Antibunching Criterion

5.2.4.2.

Characterization Methods

5.3.

Higher-Order Coherence

5.3.1.

nth-Order Correlation Functions

5.3.2.

Hierarchy of Coherence

5.3.3.

Measurement Techniques

5.4.

Quantum Entanglement

5.4.1.

Entangled Photon Pairs

5.4.1.1.

5.4.1.2.

Maximally Entangled States

5.4.2.

5.4.2.1.

Local Hidden Variables

5.4.2.2.

Bell Inequalities

5.4.2.3.

CHSH Inequality

5.4.2.4.

Experimental Tests

5.4.3.

Entanglement Generation

5.4.3.1.

Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion

5.4.3.2.

Four-Wave Mixing

5.4.3.3.

Atomic Cascades

5.4.4.

Entanglement Characterization

5.4.4.1.

5.4.4.2.

Entanglement of Formation

5.4.4.3.

5.4.5.

Entanglement Applications

5.4.5.1.

Quantum Teleportation

5.4.5.2.

Entanglement Swapping

5.4.5.3.

Quantum Dense Coding

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6. Photodetection and Measurement