Quantum Optics

  1. Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field
    1. Field Quantization in Cavities
      1. Cavity Modes
        1. Boundary Conditions
          1. Standing Wave Solutions
            1. Mode Functions
              1. Frequency Spectrum
              2. Classical Field Energy
                1. Energy Density
                  1. Total Energy Expression
                  2. Canonical Quantization
                    1. Field Variables as Operators
                      1. Canonical Commutation Relations
                        1. Creation and Annihilation Operators
                        2. Quantized Field Hamiltonian
                          1. Mode Decomposition
                            1. Number Operator
                              1. Zero-Point Energy
                            2. Free Field Quantization
                              1. Plane Wave Expansion
                                1. Fourier Decomposition
                                  1. Polarization Vectors
                                    1. Normalization
                                    2. Quantization Volume
                                      1. Periodic Boundary Conditions
                                        1. Mode Density
                                        2. Field Operators
                                          1. Position and Momentum Representations
                                            1. Time Evolution
                                              1. Heisenberg Picture
                                              2. Vacuum State
                                                1. Ground State Definition
                                                  1. Vacuum Fluctuations
                                                    1. Zero-Point Motion
                                                  2. Photon Properties
                                                    1. Photon as Field Quantum
                                                      1. Energy and Momentum Relations
                                                        1. Massless Particle Properties
                                                        2. Photon Number States
                                                          1. Fock States
                                                            1. Number Operator Eigenvalues
                                                            2. Photon Angular Momentum
                                                              1. Spin Angular Momentum
                                                                1. Orbital Angular Momentum
                                                                  1. Helicity
                                                                  2. Photon Statistics
                                                                    1. Poissonian Distribution
                                                                      1. Sub-Poissonian Statistics
                                                                        1. Super-Poissonian Statistics

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                                                                    1. Foundations of Classical and Quantum Physics

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                                                                    3. Quantum States of Light