Programming Language Theory

Programming Language Theory (PLT) is the branch of computer science that formally investigates the design, analysis, implementation, and classification of programming languages and their individual features. It employs mathematical logic and formal methods to define the precise syntax (structure) and semantics (meaning) of programs, allowing for rigorous proofs about their properties and behavior. Core areas of study include type systems, which help ensure program correctness and safety, and the principles behind building compilers and interpreters, ultimately providing the foundation for creating more reliable, secure, and expressive languages.

1. Introduction to Programming Language Theory
   1. Defining Programming Language Theory
      1. Core Scope and Objectives
      2. Relationship to Computer Science
      3. Distinction from Software Engineering
      4. Distinction from Compiler Construction
   2. Goals and Motivations
      1. Language Design Principles
         1. Expressiveness
         2. Simplicity
         3. Orthogonality
         4. Consistency
      2. Program Correctness
         1. Static Analysis
         2. Formal Verification
         3. Error Prevention
      3. Security and Safety
         1. Type Safety
         2. Memory Safety
         3. Language-Based Security
      4. Implementation Efficiency
         1. Performance Considerations
         2. Resource Management
         3. Optimization Opportunities
   3. Historical Development
      1. Early Programming Languages
      2. Key Milestones in Language Evolution
      3. Influence of Mathematical Logic
      4. Modern Trends and Directions
   4. Role of Formal Methods
      1. Formal Language Specification
      2. Mathematical Foundations
      3. Verification and Analysis
      4. Limitations and Practical Considerations