Programming Language Theory

  1. Implementation Strategies
    1. Interpretation
      1. Tree-Walking Interpreters
        1. AST Traversal
          1. Environment Management
            1. Direct Execution
            2. Bytecode Interpretation
              1. Virtual Machine Design
                1. Instruction Sets
                  1. Stack-Based Execution
                2. Compilation Approaches
                  1. Compiler Architecture
                    1. Multi-Pass Compilation
                      1. Single-Pass Compilation
                        1. Incremental Compilation
                        2. Frontend Processing
                          1. Lexical Analysis
                            1. Syntax Analysis
                              1. Semantic Analysis
                                1. Symbol Tables
                                2. Intermediate Representations
                                  1. High-Level IR
                                    1. Low-Level IR
                                      1. Control Flow Graphs
                                        1. Static Single Assignment
                                        2. Optimization Techniques
                                          1. Local Optimizations
                                            1. Constant Folding
                                              1. Algebraic Simplification
                                                1. Dead Code Elimination
                                                2. Global Optimizations
                                                  1. Common Subexpression Elimination
                                                    1. Loop Optimizations
                                                      1. Inlining
                                                    2. Code Generation
                                                      1. Instruction Selection
                                                        1. Register Allocation
                                                          1. Instruction Scheduling
                                                        2. Memory Management
                                                          1. Stack Allocation
                                                            1. Activation Records
                                                              1. Call Stack Management
                                                                1. Stack Overflow
                                                                2. Heap Allocation
                                                                  1. Dynamic Memory Allocation
                                                                    1. Heap Organization
                                                                      1. Fragmentation
                                                                      2. Garbage Collection
                                                                        1. Reference Counting
                                                                          1. Cycle Detection
                                                                            1. Weak References
                                                                            2. Tracing Collectors
                                                                              1. Mark-and-Sweep
                                                                                1. Copying Collection
                                                                                  1. Mark-Compact
                                                                                  2. Generational Collection
                                                                                    1. Generational Hypothesis
                                                                                      1. Nursery Collection
                                                                                        1. Promotion Policies

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                                                                                  7. Programming Language Features

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                                                                                  9. Advanced Topics