Process Control and Optimization

  1. Feedback Control Systems
    1. Components of a Control Loop
      1. Process (Plant)
        1. Sensors and Transmitters
          1. Temperature Sensors
            1. Pressure Sensors
              1. Flow Sensors
                1. Level Sensors
                  1. Composition Analyzers
                    1. Signal Conditioning
                    2. Controllers
                      1. Analog Controllers
                        1. Digital Controllers
                        2. Final Control Elements
                          1. Control Valves
                            1. Globe Valves
                              1. Ball Valves
                                1. Butterfly Valves
                                  1. Valve Characteristics
                                    1. Sizing and Selection
                                    2. Variable Speed Drives
                                      1. Dampers and Actuators
                                    3. Block Diagram Representation
                                      1. Standard Symbols
                                        1. Signal Flow Paths
                                          1. Summing and Takeoff Points
                                            1. Block Diagram Algebra
                                            2. Closed-Loop Transfer Functions
                                              1. Derivation from Block Diagrams
                                                1. Setpoint Response
                                                  1. Disturbance Response
                                                    1. Error Response
                                                    2. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control
                                                      1. Controller Modes
                                                        1. Proportional (P) Control
                                                          1. Proportional Gain
                                                            1. Offset
                                                              1. Stability Considerations
                                                              2. Integral (I) Control
                                                                1. Integral Action
                                                                  1. Elimination of Offset
                                                                    1. Integral Windup
                                                                    2. Derivative (D) Control
                                                                      1. Derivative Action
                                                                        1. Anticipatory Effect
                                                                          1. Noise Sensitivity
                                                                        2. Combined Controller Forms
                                                                          1. Proportional-Integral (PI) Control
                                                                            1. Proportional-Derivative (PD) Control
                                                                              1. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control
                                                                                1. Parallel Form
                                                                                  1. Series Form
                                                                                    1. Ideal Form
                                                                                  2. Digital PID Algorithms
                                                                                    1. Discretization Methods
                                                                                      1. Implementation Issues
                                                                                        1. Anti-Windup Strategies
                                                                                      2. Controller Tuning
                                                                                        1. Tuning Criteria
                                                                                          1. Decay Ratio
                                                                                            1. Settling Time
                                                                                              1. Overshoot
                                                                                                1. Rise Time
                                                                                                  1. Stability Margins
                                                                                                  2. Controller Tuning Methods
                                                                                                    1. Ziegler-Nichols Method
                                                                                                      1. Open-Loop (Reaction Curve) Method
                                                                                                        1. Closed-Loop (Ultimate Gain) Method
                                                                                                        2. Cohen-Coon Method
                                                                                                          1. Internal Model Control (IMC) Tuning Rules
                                                                                                            1. Lambda Tuning
                                                                                                              1. Trial and Error Method
                                                                                                                1. Software-Based Tuning Tools
                                                                                                                2. Performance Assessment
                                                                                                                  1. Integral Performance Criteria
                                                                                                                    1. Statistical Measures

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                                                                                                                2. Mathematical Modeling of Chemical Processes

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                                                                                                                4. Stability of Closed-Loop Systems