Population Geography

  1. Population Growth Models and Theories
    1. The Demographic Transition Model
      1. Stage 1: High Stationary
        1. High Birth and Death Rates
          1. Stable Population Size
            1. Pre-Industrial Societies
              1. Subsistence Economies
              2. Stage 2: Early Expanding
                1. Declining Death Rates
                  1. Sustained High Birth Rates
                    1. Rapid Population Growth
                      1. Improving Living Conditions
                      2. Stage 3: Late Expanding
                        1. Declining Birth Rates
                          1. Low Death Rates
                            1. Slowing Population Growth
                              1. Economic Development
                              2. Stage 4: Low Stationary
                                1. Low Birth and Death Rates
                                  1. Stable Population Size
                                    1. Post-Industrial Societies
                                      1. Developed Economies
                                      2. Stage 5: Declining
                                        1. Very Low Birth Rates
                                          1. Population Decline
                                            1. Aging Societies
                                              1. Below-Replacement Fertility
                                              2. Model Applications and Limitations
                                                1. Western European Experience
                                                  1. Non-Western Variations
                                                    1. Contemporary Relevance
                                                      1. Predictive Limitations
                                                      2. Criticisms and Modifications
                                                        1. Cultural Bias Concerns
                                                          1. Economic Determinism
                                                            1. Alternative Pathways
                                                              1. Policy Intervention Effects
                                                            2. Population Growth Mathematics
                                                              1. Exponential Growth Model
                                                                1. Growth Rate Calculations
                                                                  1. Compound Growth
                                                                    1. Doubling Time Formula
                                                                    2. Logistic Growth Model
                                                                      1. Carrying Capacity Concepts
                                                                        1. S-Curve Growth Pattern
                                                                          1. Environmental Limits
                                                                          2. Population Projections
                                                                            1. Cohort-Component Method
                                                                              1. Mathematical Projections
                                                                                1. Scenario Development
                                                                                  1. Uncertainty Assessment
                                                                                2. Classical Population Theories
                                                                                  1. Malthusian Theory
                                                                                    1. Core Principles
                                                                                      1. Population Growth vs Food Supply
                                                                                        1. Geometric vs Arithmetic Growth
                                                                                          1. Positive and Preventive Checks
                                                                                          2. Historical Context
                                                                                            1. Industrial Revolution
                                                                                              1. Agricultural Limitations
                                                                                                1. Social Conditions
                                                                                                2. Criticisms and Limitations
                                                                                                  1. Technological Progress
                                                                                                    1. Agricultural Revolution
                                                                                                      1. Demographic Transition
                                                                                                        1. Economic Development
                                                                                                        2. Neo-Malthusian Perspectives
                                                                                                          1. Resource Scarcity
                                                                                                            1. Environmental Limits
                                                                                                              1. Carrying Capacity
                                                                                                                1. Sustainability Concerns
                                                                                                              2. Boserup's Theory
                                                                                                                1. Agricultural Intensification
                                                                                                                  1. Population Pressure Effects
                                                                                                                    1. Technological Innovation
                                                                                                                      1. Land Use Changes
                                                                                                                      2. Comparison with Malthus
                                                                                                                        1. Optimistic vs Pessimistic Views
                                                                                                                          1. Technology Role
                                                                                                                            1. Human Adaptability
                                                                                                                            2. Contemporary Relevance
                                                                                                                              1. Green Revolution
                                                                                                                                1. Sustainable Agriculture
                                                                                                                                  1. Food Security
                                                                                                                              2. Modern Population Theories
                                                                                                                                1. Demographic-Economic Theories
                                                                                                                                  1. Wealth Flows Theory
                                                                                                                                    1. Microeconomic Theories
                                                                                                                                      1. Institutional Theories
                                                                                                                                      2. Cultural and Social Theories
                                                                                                                                        1. Ideational Change Theory
                                                                                                                                          1. Social Network Theory
                                                                                                                                            1. Gender and Empowerment Theory
                                                                                                                                            2. Evolutionary and Biological Theories
                                                                                                                                              1. Life History Theory
                                                                                                                                                1. Evolutionary Demography
                                                                                                                                                  1. Biological Constraints

                                                                                                                                              Previous

                                                                                                                                              5. Population Dynamics: Components of Change

                                                                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                                                                              Next

                                                                                                                                              7. Migration: Patterns, Processes, and Theories