Polymer Chemistry

Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the synthesis, structure, and properties of polymers—large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of repeating structural units known as monomers. This field investigates how the chemical composition and architecture of these long chains, including their molecular weight and arrangement, dictate the physical and chemical characteristics of a material, such as its strength, elasticity, and thermal stability. As a highly applied and interdisciplinary science, it provides the foundation for creating a vast array of synthetic materials, including plastics, rubbers, and fibers, while also being essential for understanding natural macromolecules like proteins and DNA.

  1. Introduction to Macromolecular Science
    1. Fundamental Concepts
      1. Definition of Macromolecules
        1. Monomers
          1. Structure and Function
            1. Common Examples
            2. Oligomers
              1. Definition and Properties
                1. Role in Polymerization
                2. Polymers
                  1. Definition and General Properties
                    1. Comparison with Small Molecules
                    2. Degree of Polymerization
                      1. Calculation Methods
                        1. Impact on Properties
                        2. Repeating Units
                          1. Definition and Identification
                            1. Difference from Monomeric Units
                              1. Examples in Common Polymers
                              2. Molecular Weight Concepts
                                1. Number-Average Molecular Weight
                                  1. Weight-Average Molecular Weight
                                    1. Polydispersity
                                  2. Historical Development of Polymer Science
                                    1. Early Uses of Natural Polymers
                                      1. Discovery of Synthetic Polymers
                                        1. Key Figures in Polymer Science
                                          1. Milestones in Polymer Research
                                            1. Evolution of Polymer Applications
                                            2. Classification of Polymers
                                              1. By Origin
                                                1. Natural Polymers
                                                  1. Polysaccharides
                                                    1. Proteins
                                                      1. Nucleic Acids
                                                        1. Natural Rubber
                                                        2. Synthetic Polymers
                                                          1. Addition Polymers
                                                            1. Condensation Polymers
                                                          2. By Thermal Behavior
                                                            1. Thermoplastics
                                                              1. Properties and Examples
                                                                1. Processing Methods
                                                                2. Thermosets
                                                                  1. Properties and Examples
                                                                    1. Curing Processes
                                                                    2. Elastomers
                                                                      1. Properties and Examples
                                                                    3. By Monomer Composition
                                                                      1. Homopolymers
                                                                        1. Definition and Examples
                                                                        2. Copolymers
                                                                          1. Random Copolymers
                                                                            1. Alternating Copolymers
                                                                              1. Block Copolymers
                                                                                1. Graft Copolymers
                                                                              2. By Structure
                                                                                1. Linear Polymers
                                                                                  1. Chain Structure
                                                                                  2. Branched Polymers
                                                                                    1. Short-Chain Branching
                                                                                      1. Long-Chain Branching
                                                                                        1. Effects on Properties
                                                                                        2. Cross-linked Polymers
                                                                                          1. Network Formation
                                                                                            1. Properties and Applications
                                                                                        3. Polymer Nomenclature
                                                                                          1. Source-Based Nomenclature
                                                                                            1. Naming by Monomer Source
                                                                                              1. Examples and Applications
                                                                                              2. Structure-Based Nomenclature
                                                                                                1. IUPAC Rules and Conventions
                                                                                                  1. Application to Common Polymers
                                                                                                  2. Common Names and Trade Names
                                                                                                    1. Commercial Naming Practices
                                                                                                      1. Examples and Usage