Polymer Chemistry

  1. Polymer Synthesis
    1. Step-Growth Polymerization
      1. Reaction Characteristics
        1. Mechanism Overview
          1. Functional Group Reactivity
            1. Molecular Weight Development
            2. Kinetics of Step-Growth Polymerization
              1. Rate Equations
                1. Effect of Conversion on Rate
                  1. Molecular Weight Growth
                  2. Stoichiometric Control
                    1. Importance of Stoichiometry
                      1. Effect of Impurities
                        1. Molecular Weight Control
                        2. Carothers Equation
                          1. Derivation and Assumptions
                            1. Application to Predict Molecular Weight
                              1. Limitations
                              2. Types of Step-Growth Polymers
                                1. Polyesters
                                  1. Synthesis Methods
                                    1. Properties and Applications
                                    2. Polyamides
                                      1. Synthesis Methods
                                        1. Properties and Applications
                                        2. Polyurethanes
                                          1. Synthesis Methods
                                            1. Properties and Applications
                                            2. Polycarbonates
                                              1. Synthesis Methods
                                                1. Properties and Applications
                                                2. Epoxy Resins
                                                  1. Synthesis Methods
                                                    1. Curing Mechanisms
                                                      1. Properties and Applications
                                                      2. Phenolic Resins
                                                        1. Synthesis Methods
                                                          1. Properties and Applications
                                                      3. Chain-Growth Polymerization
                                                        1. General Mechanism
                                                          1. Initiation
                                                            1. Initiator Types
                                                              1. Initiation Steps
                                                              2. Propagation
                                                                1. Chain Growth Steps
                                                                  1. Rate Constants
                                                                  2. Termination
                                                                    1. Combination
                                                                      1. Disproportionation
                                                                      2. Chain Transfer
                                                                        1. Chain Transfer Agents
                                                                          1. Effects on Molecular Weight
                                                                        2. Free Radical Polymerization
                                                                          1. Initiators
                                                                            1. Thermal Initiators
                                                                              1. Photochemical Initiators
                                                                                1. Redox Initiators
                                                                                2. Kinetics and Rate Expressions
                                                                                  1. Steady-State Approximation
                                                                                    1. Rate Laws
                                                                                      1. Factors Affecting Rate
                                                                                      2. Autoacceleration
                                                                                        1. Trommsdorff-Norrish Effect
                                                                                          1. Mechanism and Consequences
                                                                                          2. Chain Transfer
                                                                                            1. Types of Chain Transfer
                                                                                              1. Chain Transfer Constants
                                                                                                1. Effects on Molecular Weight Distribution
                                                                                              2. Ionic Polymerization
                                                                                                1. Cationic Polymerization
                                                                                                  1. Mechanism
                                                                                                    1. Initiators
                                                                                                      1. Monomer Scope
                                                                                                        1. Termination and Side Reactions
                                                                                                        2. Anionic Polymerization
                                                                                                          1. Mechanism
                                                                                                            1. Initiators
                                                                                                              1. Living Character
                                                                                                                1. Monomer Scope
                                                                                                              2. Coordination Polymerization
                                                                                                                1. Ziegler-Natta Catalysis
                                                                                                                  1. Catalyst Structure and Components
                                                                                                                    1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                      1. Stereoregularity Control
                                                                                                                        1. Industrial Applications
                                                                                                                        2. Metallocene Catalysis
                                                                                                                          1. Catalyst Structure
                                                                                                                            1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                              1. Advantages over Ziegler-Natta
                                                                                                                          2. Living Polymerization
                                                                                                                            1. Concept of Living Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Definition and Criteria
                                                                                                                                1. Advantages and Applications
                                                                                                                                2. Living Anionic Polymerization
                                                                                                                                  1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                    1. Control of Molecular Weight
                                                                                                                                      1. Block Copolymer Synthesis
                                                                                                                                        1. Experimental Considerations
                                                                                                                                        2. Living Cationic Polymerization
                                                                                                                                          1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                            1. Monomer Scope
                                                                                                                                              1. Control Methods
                                                                                                                                              2. Controlled Radical Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                1. Principles of Control
                                                                                                                                                  1. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                    1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                      1. Catalyst Systems
                                                                                                                                                      2. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer
                                                                                                                                                        1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                          1. Chain Transfer Agents
                                                                                                                                                          2. Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                            1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                              1. Nitroxide Compounds
                                                                                                                                                          3. Copolymerization
                                                                                                                                                            1. Types of Copolymers
                                                                                                                                                              1. Statistical Copolymers
                                                                                                                                                                1. Random Copolymers
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Alternating Copolymers
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Block Copolymers
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Graft Copolymers
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Copolymer Composition
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Copolymer Composition Equation
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Derivation and Application
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Reactivity Ratios
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Definition and Significance
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Determination Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Interpretation and Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Azeotropic Copolymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Definition and Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                3. Specialized Polymerization Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Ring-Opening Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Monomer Types
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Emulsion Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Process Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Surfactants and Stabilizers
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Particle Formation and Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Suspension Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Process Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stabilizers
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bead Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Solution Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Solvent Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Advantages and Disadvantages
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Bulk Polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Process Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Heat Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Advantages and Disadvantages

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                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Polymer Structure and Characterization