Petrophysics and Geochemistry

5.

Diagenesis and Fluid-Rock Interaction

5.1.

Diagenetic Processes and Environments

5.1.1.

Definition and Scope of Diagenesis

5.1.2.

Diagenetic Stages

5.1.2.1.

5.1.2.2.

5.1.2.3.

5.1.3.

Diagenetic Facies

5.1.4.

Controls on Diagenesis

5.1.4.1.

5.1.4.2.

5.1.4.3.

Fluid Composition

5.1.4.4.

5.2.

Physical and Chemical Compaction

5.2.1.

Mechanical Compaction

5.2.1.1.

Grain Rearrangement

5.2.1.2.

Grain Fracturing

5.2.1.3.

Ductile Deformation

5.2.2.

Chemical Compaction

5.2.2.1.

Pressure Solution

5.2.2.2.

Stylolite Formation

5.2.2.3.

Grain Interpenetration

5.2.3.

Impact on Porosity and Permeability

5.2.4.

Compaction Curves

5.3.

Cementation Processes

5.3.1.

Quartz Cementation

5.3.1.1.

Quartz Overgrowths

5.3.1.2.

5.3.1.3.

Temperature Controls

5.3.2.

Carbonate Cementation

5.3.2.1.

5.3.2.2.

Dolomite Cement

5.3.2.3.

Siderite Cement

5.3.2.4.

Cement Morphology

5.3.3.

Clay Mineral Cementation

5.3.3.1.

Authigenic Clays

5.3.3.2.

Pore-Filling vs Pore-Lining

5.3.4.

5.3.4.1.

5.3.4.2.

5.3.4.3.

Feldspar Overgrowths

5.3.5.

Timing and Distribution of Cementation

5.3.6.

Impact on Reservoir Quality

5.4.

Dissolution and Secondary Porosity

5.4.1.

Feldspar Dissolution

5.4.1.1.

Dissolution Mechanisms

5.4.1.2.

Controls on Dissolution

5.4.2.

Carbonate Dissolution

5.4.2.1.

Meteoric Dissolution

5.4.2.2.

Burial Dissolution

5.4.3.

Formation of Secondary Porosity

5.4.3.1.

Moldic Porosity

5.4.3.2.

5.4.3.3.

5.4.4.

Controls on Secondary Porosity Development

5.4.5.

Preservation of Secondary Porosity

5.5.

Mineralogical Transformations

5.5.1.

Clay Diagenesis

5.5.1.1.

Smectite to Illite Transformation

5.5.1.2.

Kaolinite Formation and Dissolution

5.5.1.3.

Chlorite Formation

5.5.1.4.

Mixed-Layer Clay Evolution

5.5.2.

5.5.2.1.

Replacement Dolomitization

5.5.2.2.

Cement Dolomitization

5.5.2.3.

Mechanisms and Models

5.5.2.4.

Impact on Reservoir Properties

5.5.3.

5.5.4.

5.6.

Fluid-Rock Interaction Mechanisms

5.6.1.

Geochemical Controls on Wettability

5.6.2.

Mineral Precipitation from Formation Fluids

5.6.3.

Formation Damage Mechanisms

5.6.3.1.

Scale Formation

5.6.3.1.1.

Carbonate Scales

5.6.3.1.2.

5.6.3.1.3.

5.6.3.2.

Fines Migration

5.6.3.3.

5.6.3.4.

Bacterial Activity

5.6.4.

Geochemical Modeling of Interactions

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6. Measurement and Analytical Techniques