Password Security and Cracking Techniques

5.

Password Attack Methodologies

5.1.

Online Attack Techniques

5.1.1.

Brute-Force Attacks

5.1.1.1.

Sequential Password Testing

5.1.1.2.

Computational Requirements

5.1.1.3.

Detection Methods

5.1.2.

Dictionary Attacks

5.1.2.1.

Common Password Lists

5.1.2.2.

Wordlist Selection

5.1.2.3.

Language-Specific Dictionaries

5.1.3.

Password Spraying

5.1.3.1.

Low-and-Slow Methodology

5.1.3.2.

Account Lockout Avoidance

5.1.3.3.

Target Selection

5.1.4.

Credential Stuffing

5.1.4.1.

Breach Database Utilization

5.1.4.2.

Automation Tools

5.1.4.3.

Success Rate Analysis

5.1.5.

Hybrid Online Attacks

5.1.5.1.

Dictionary with Mutations

5.1.5.2.

Targeted Wordlist Creation

5.1.6.

User Enumeration

5.1.6.1.

Username Discovery

5.1.6.2.

Error Message Analysis

5.1.6.3.

Timing Attack Exploitation

5.2.

Offline Attack Techniques

5.2.1.

Hash Acquisition Methods

5.2.1.1.

Database Compromise

5.2.1.2.

5.2.1.3.

Configuration File Access

5.2.2.

Brute-Force Hash Cracking

5.2.2.1.

Exhaustive Search

5.2.2.2.

Character Set Optimization

5.2.2.3.

Computational Complexity

5.2.3.

Dictionary-Based Hash Attacks

5.2.3.1.

Wordlist Application

5.2.3.2.

Hash Comparison

5.2.3.3.

Performance Optimization

5.2.4.

Rule-Based Attacks

5.2.4.1.

Password Mutation Rules

5.2.4.2.

Common Transformation Patterns

5.2.4.3.

Rule Set Development

5.2.5.

5.2.5.1.

Pattern-Based Cracking

5.2.5.2.

Character Position Specification

5.2.5.3.

Hybrid Mask Approaches

5.2.6.

Combinator Attacks

5.2.6.1.

Wordlist Combination

5.2.6.2.

Multi-Dictionary Approaches

5.2.7.

Rainbow Table Attacks

5.2.7.1.

Pre-Computed Hash Tables

5.2.7.2.

Time-Memory Trade-Off

5.2.7.3.

Table Generation Process

5.2.7.4.

Salt Mitigation

5.3.

Social Engineering Attacks

5.3.1.

Phishing Techniques

5.3.1.1.

5.3.1.2.

5.3.1.3.

Whaling Attacks

5.3.1.4.

5.3.1.5.

5.3.2.

5.3.2.1.

Identity Impersonation

5.3.2.2.

Authority Exploitation

5.3.2.3.

Trust Relationship Abuse

5.3.3.

Baiting and Quid Pro Quo

5.3.3.1.

Physical Media Attacks

5.3.3.2.

Service Exchange Deception

5.4.

Physical and Side-Channel Attacks

5.4.1.

Shoulder Surfing

5.4.1.1.

Direct Observation

5.4.1.2.

Camera-Based Surveillance

5.4.1.3.

Mitigation Techniques

5.4.2.

5.4.2.1.

Hardware Keyloggers

5.4.2.2.

Software Keyloggers

5.4.2.3.

Acoustic Keylogging

5.4.3.

Network Interception

5.4.3.1.

Man-in-the-Middle Attacks

5.4.3.2.

Packet Sniffing

5.4.3.3.

5.4.4.

Tempest Attacks

5.4.4.1.

Electromagnetic Emanation

5.4.4.2.

Van Eck Phreaking

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6. Password Cracking Tools and Technologies