Password Security and Cracking Techniques

  1. Secure Password Storage Mechanisms
    1. Plaintext Storage Risks
      1. Security Vulnerabilities
        1. Compliance Violations
          1. Real-World Breach Examples
          2. Cryptographic Hashing Fundamentals
            1. Hash Function Properties
              1. One-Way Function Characteristic
                1. Deterministic Output
                  1. Fixed Output Length
                    1. Avalanche Effect
                    2. Collision Resistance
                      1. Strong Collision Resistance
                        1. Weak Collision Resistance
                          1. Birthday Attack Implications
                          2. Pre-Image Resistance
                            1. First Pre-Image Resistance
                              1. Second Pre-Image Resistance
                            2. Hash Algorithm Evolution
                              1. Legacy Algorithms
                                1. MD5
                                  1. Structure and Design
                                    1. Known Vulnerabilities
                                      1. Collision Attacks
                                      2. SHA-1
                                        1. Design Principles
                                          1. Cryptanalytic Attacks
                                            1. Deprecation Timeline
                                          2. Modern Hash Functions
                                            1. SHA-2 Family
                                              1. SHA-224
                                                1. SHA-256
                                                  1. SHA-384
                                                    1. SHA-512
                                                    2. SHA-3
                                                      1. Keccak Algorithm
                                                        1. Design Differences
                                                          1. Performance Characteristics
                                                      2. Salt Implementation
                                                        1. Salt Definition and Purpose
                                                          1. Rainbow Table Mitigation
                                                            1. Unique Hash Generation
                                                              1. Salt Generation
                                                                1. Cryptographically Secure Random Generation
                                                                  1. Salt Length Requirements
                                                                    1. Per-User Salt Implementation
                                                                    2. Salt Storage
                                                                      1. Database Schema Considerations
                                                                        1. Salt and Hash Relationship
                                                                      2. Key Derivation Functions
                                                                        1. Purpose and Benefits
                                                                          1. Computational Cost Increase
                                                                            1. Brute-Force Attack Mitigation
                                                                              1. Adaptive Security
                                                                              2. PBKDF2
                                                                                1. Algorithm Structure
                                                                                  1. Iteration Count Configuration
                                                                                    1. Performance Considerations
                                                                                    2. bcrypt
                                                                                      1. Blowfish-Based Design
                                                                                        1. Cost Factor Implementation
                                                                                          1. Adaptive Nature
                                                                                          2. scrypt
                                                                                            1. Memory-Hard Function Design
                                                                                              1. Memory Cost Parameters
                                                                                                1. CPU Cost Parameters
                                                                                                2. Argon2
                                                                                                  1. Argon2d Variant
                                                                                                    1. Argon2i Variant
                                                                                                      1. Argon2id Variant
                                                                                                        1. Parameter Configuration
                                                                                                          1. Current Best Practices
                                                                                                        2. Advanced Storage Techniques
                                                                                                          1. Pepper Implementation
                                                                                                            1. Definition and Purpose
                                                                                                              1. Storage Separation
                                                                                                                1. Key Management
                                                                                                                2. Hardware Security Modules
                                                                                                                  1. HSM Integration
                                                                                                                    1. Key Protection
                                                                                                                      1. Performance Impact

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                                                                                                                  2. Password Creation and Management Principles

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                                                                                                                  4. Multi-Factor and Advanced Authentication