Parallel and Distributed Computing

  1. Time and Coordination in Distributed Systems
    1. Time in Distributed Systems
      1. Physical Time
        1. Clock Synchronization
          1. Network Time Protocol
            1. Precision Time Protocol
              1. Clock Drift and Skew
              2. Logical Time
                1. Lamport Timestamps
                  1. Vector Clocks
                    1. Matrix Clocks
                    2. Ordering of Events
                      1. Happened-before Relation
                        1. Concurrent Events
                          1. Causal Ordering
                        2. Global State and Snapshots
                          1. Distributed Snapshots
                            1. Chandy-Lamport Algorithm
                              1. Lai-Yang Algorithm
                              2. Consistent Cuts
                                1. Termination Detection
                                2. Coordination and Agreement
                                  1. Distributed Mutual Exclusion
                                    1. Centralized Algorithms
                                      1. Distributed Algorithms
                                        1. Token-based Algorithms
                                          1. Permission-based Algorithms
                                          2. Election Algorithms
                                            1. Bully Algorithm
                                              1. Ring Algorithm
                                                1. Chang-Roberts Algorithm
                                                2. Consensus Algorithms
                                                  1. Two-Phase Commit
                                                    1. Three-Phase Commit
                                                      1. Paxos Algorithm
                                                        1. Raft Algorithm
                                                        2. Byzantine Agreement
                                                          1. Byzantine Generals Problem
                                                            1. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance

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                                                        4. Distributed Computing Fundamentals

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                                                        6. Replication and Consistency