Ore Deposits and Economic Geology

  1. Ore-Forming Processes
    1. Magmatic Processes
      1. Magmatic Differentiation
        1. Fractional Crystallization
          1. Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization
            1. Magma Mixing
            2. Layered Intrusion Processes
              1. Cumulate Formation
                1. Cryptic Layering
                  1. Rhythmic Layering
                  2. Liquid Immiscibility
                    1. Sulfide Liquid Separation
                      1. Oxide Liquid Separation
                        1. Conditions for Immiscibility
                        2. Crystal Settling and Accumulation
                          1. Gravitational Settling
                            1. Filter Pressing
                              1. Compaction
                              2. Volatile Evolution and Exsolution
                                1. Magmatic Water Content
                                  1. Gas Saturation
                                    1. Fluid Exsolution
                                      1. Volatile Transport
                                    2. Hydrothermal Processes
                                      1. Hydrothermal Fluid Sources
                                        1. Magmatic Fluids
                                          1. Meteoric Water
                                            1. Seawater and Modified Seawater
                                              1. Metamorphic Fluids
                                                1. Connate and Formation Waters
                                                  1. Basinal Brines
                                                  2. Fluid Flow Mechanisms
                                                    1. Free Convection
                                                      1. Forced Convection
                                                        1. Fault-controlled Flow
                                                          1. Fracture-controlled Flow
                                                            1. Diffusive Transport
                                                              1. Advective Transport
                                                              2. Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry
                                                                1. Major Ion Chemistry
                                                                  1. Trace Element Content
                                                                    1. Volatile Species
                                                                      1. Fluid Inclusions
                                                                      2. Metal Transport Mechanisms
                                                                        1. Aqueous Complexing
                                                                          1. Chloride Complexes
                                                                            1. Sulfide Complexes
                                                                              1. Hydroxide Complexes
                                                                                1. Organic Complexes
                                                                                2. Colloidal Transport
                                                                                  1. Vapor Transport
                                                                                  2. Precipitation Mechanisms
                                                                                    1. Cooling
                                                                                      1. Pressure Decrease and Boiling
                                                                                        1. Fluid Mixing
                                                                                          1. Wall-rock Interaction
                                                                                            1. Redox Changes
                                                                                              1. pH Changes
                                                                                            2. Sedimentary and Surficial Processes
                                                                                              1. Mechanical Concentration
                                                                                                1. Hydraulic Sorting Principles
                                                                                                  1. Placer Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                    1. Alluvial Placers
                                                                                                      1. Beach and Marine Placers
                                                                                                        1. Aeolian Placers
                                                                                                        2. Chemical Precipitation in Sedimentary Environments
                                                                                                          1. Evaporitic Processes
                                                                                                            1. Evaporation Sequences
                                                                                                              1. Salt and Potash Formation
                                                                                                                1. Sulfate Mineral Formation
                                                                                                                2. Biogenic Processes
                                                                                                                  1. Bacterial Mediation
                                                                                                                    1. Organic Matter Accumulation
                                                                                                                      1. Biochemical Precipitation
                                                                                                                    2. Weathering and Supergene Processes
                                                                                                                      1. Chemical Weathering
                                                                                                                        1. Oxidation
                                                                                                                          1. Hydrolysis
                                                                                                                            1. Solution
                                                                                                                            2. Supergene Enrichment Zones
                                                                                                                              1. Leached Zone
                                                                                                                                1. Oxidized Zone
                                                                                                                                  1. Enriched Zone
                                                                                                                                    1. Primary Zone
                                                                                                                                  2. Residual Concentration Processes
                                                                                                                                    1. Lateritization
                                                                                                                                      1. Bauxite Formation
                                                                                                                                        1. Nickel Laterite Development
                                                                                                                                      2. Metamorphic Processes
                                                                                                                                        1. Metamorphic Devolatilization
                                                                                                                                          1. Prograde Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                            1. Retrograde Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                              1. Fluid Release Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                              2. Remobilization Processes
                                                                                                                                                1. Structural Remobilization
                                                                                                                                                  1. Chemical Remobilization
                                                                                                                                                    1. Metamorphic Differentiation
                                                                                                                                                    2. Metamorphogenic Ore Formation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Orogenic Gold Systems
                                                                                                                                                        1. Metamorphic Skarn Formation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Regional Metamorphic Processes

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                                                                                                                                                      2. Fundamental Geological Principles

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                                                                                                                                                      4. Classification and Description of Ore Deposit Types