Natural Resource Economics

9.

Sustainability and Intergenerational Issues

9.1.

Concepts of Sustainability

9.1.1.

Weak Sustainability

9.1.1.1.

Capital Substitutability

9.1.1.2.

Constant Capital Stock

9.1.1.3.

Technological Optimism

9.1.2.

Strong Sustainability

9.1.2.1.

Critical Natural Capital

9.1.2.2.

Complementarity of Capital Types

9.1.2.3.

Precautionary Approach

9.1.3.

Environmental Sustainability

9.1.3.1.

Ecosystem Integrity

9.1.3.2.

Carrying Capacity

9.2.

Intergenerational Equity

9.2.1.

Ethical Foundations

9.2.1.1.

Rights of Future Generations

9.2.1.2.

Intergenerational Justice

9.2.1.3.

Moral Obligations

9.2.2.

The Hartwick Rule

9.2.2.1.

Investment of Resource Rents

9.2.2.2.

Constant Consumption Path

9.2.2.3.

Sustainability Conditions

9.2.3.

Genuine Savings

9.2.3.1.

Adjusted Net Savings

9.2.3.2.

Natural Capital Depletion

9.2.3.3.

Human Capital Investment

9.3.

Discounting and Future Generations

9.3.1.

Social Discount Rate

9.3.1.1.

Determination Methods

9.3.1.2.

Ethical Considerations

9.3.1.3.

Practical Applications

9.3.2.

Declining Discount Rates

9.3.2.1.

Uncertainty Arguments

9.3.2.2.

Intergenerational Equity

9.3.3.

Zero Discounting Arguments

9.3.3.1.

Equal Treatment of Generations

9.3.3.2.

Environmental Irreversibility

9.4.

Natural Capital Accounting

9.4.1.

Green National Accounts

9.4.1.1.

Environmental Adjustments

9.4.1.2.

Resource Depletion Accounting

9.4.1.3.

Pollution Cost Accounting

9.4.2.

Wealth Accounting

9.4.2.1.

Comprehensive Wealth

9.4.2.2.

Natural Capital Stocks

9.4.2.3.

Human Capital Stocks

9.4.3.

Sustainability Indicators

9.4.3.1.

Genuine Progress Indicator

9.4.3.2.

Ecological Footprint

9.4.3.3.

Environmental Performance Index

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10. International Dimensions