A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from the natural processes of the Earth, which can be broadly categorized by their geological or atmospheric origins. These phenomena, rooted in the principles of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, include geological events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis, as well as atmospheric events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts. An event is classified as a disaster when its impact—in terms of loss of life, property damage, and societal disruption—overwhelms a community's or society's capacity to cope using its own resources, making their study crucial for prediction, mitigation, and preparedness.