Materials Testing and Characterization

  1. Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation
    1. Purpose of NDT
      1. Detection of Flaws Without Damaging Material
        1. In-Service Inspection and Maintenance
          1. Quality Control and Assurance
          2. Visual Testing
            1. Direct Visual Inspection
              1. Remote Visual Inspection
                1. Tools and Techniques
                  1. Surface Defect Identification
                  2. Liquid Penetrant Testing
                    1. Principle and Procedure
                      1. Types of Penetrants and Developers
                        1. Detection of Surface-Breaking Defects
                          1. Interpretation of Results
                          2. Magnetic Particle Testing
                            1. Principle of Magnetization
                              1. Types of Magnetic Particles
                                1. Detection of Surface and Near-Surface Defects in Ferromagnetic Materials
                                  1. Test Procedures and Limitations
                                  2. Ultrasonic Testing
                                    1. Principles of Sound Wave Propagation
                                      1. Longitudinal Waves
                                        1. Shear Waves
                                          1. Reflection and Transmission
                                          2. Flaw Detection and Sizing
                                            1. Pulse-Echo Method
                                              1. Through-Transmission Method
                                                1. A-Scan Imaging
                                                  1. B-Scan Imaging
                                                    1. C-Scan Imaging
                                                    2. Thickness Measurement
                                                      1. Calibration and Accuracy
                                                      2. Couplants and Transducer Selection
                                                      3. Radiographic Testing
                                                        1. Use of X-rays and Gamma-rays
                                                          1. Film Radiography
                                                            1. Digital Radiography
                                                              1. Detection of Internal Defects
                                                                1. Image Interpretation and Safety Considerations
                                                                2. Eddy Current Testing
                                                                  1. Principles of Electromagnetic Induction
                                                                    1. Probe Types and Configurations
                                                                      1. Detection of Surface and Near-Surface Flaws in Conductive Materials
                                                                        1. Lift-Off and Conductivity Measurements

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                                                                      5. Spectroscopic and Diffraction Techniques

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                                                                      7. Corrosion and Environmental Degradation Testing