Magnetic and Dielectric Materials

5.

Material Characterization Techniques

5.1.

Dielectric Characterization

5.1.1.

Capacitance Measurement

5.1.1.1.

Parallel Plate Method

5.1.1.2.

Guard Ring Techniques

5.1.1.3.

5.1.1.3.1.

Schering Bridge

5.1.1.3.2.

5.1.1.4.

5.1.2.

Dielectric Spectroscopy

5.1.2.1.

Frequency Response Analysis

5.1.2.2.

Measurement of Complex Permittivity

5.1.2.3.

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy

5.1.2.4.

Time Domain Spectroscopy

5.1.3.

Impedance Analysis

5.1.3.1.

Equivalent Circuit Models

5.1.3.2.

5.1.3.3.

5.1.3.4.

Cole-Cole Plots

5.1.4.

Polarization Measurements

5.1.4.1.

Sawyer-Tower Circuit

5.1.4.2.

Hysteresis Loop Measurement

5.1.4.3.

Pyroelectric Current Measurement

5.2.

Magnetic Characterization

5.2.1.

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer

5.2.1.1.

Principle of Operation

5.2.1.2.

Measurement of Hysteresis Loops

5.2.1.3.

Temperature Dependence Studies

5.2.1.4.

Sensitivity and Resolution

5.2.2.

SQUID Magnetometer

5.2.2.1.

Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

5.2.2.2.

Ultra-High Sensitivity

5.2.2.3.

Low Temperature Measurements

5.2.2.4.

AC and DC Measurements

5.2.3.

Magnetic Force Microscopy

5.2.3.1.

Imaging Magnetic Domains

5.2.3.2.

Spatial Resolution

5.2.3.3.

Limitations and Artifacts

5.2.4.

Neutron Diffraction

5.2.4.1.

Magnetic Scattering

5.2.4.2.

Probing Magnetic Structures

5.2.4.3.

Analysis of Magnetic Ordering

5.2.4.4.

Powder and Single Crystal Methods

5.2.5.

Electron Spin Resonance

5.2.5.1.

Principle of ESR

5.2.5.2.

g-factor Determination

5.2.5.3.

Hyperfine Interactions

5.2.6.

Mössbauer Spectroscopy

5.2.6.1.

Nuclear Gamma Resonance

5.2.6.2.

Magnetic Hyperfine Fields

5.2.6.3.

Magnetic Phase Transitions

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4. Microscopic and Quantum Theories

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6. Applications of Dielectric and Magnetic Materials