Macroeconomics

  1. The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy
    1. Monetary Policy and Aggregate Demand
      1. The Theory of Liquidity Preference
        1. Money Demand Curve
          1. Money Supply
            1. Equilibrium in Money Market
              1. The Downward Slope of AD Curve
              2. The Role of the Central Bank
                1. Objectives of Monetary Policy
                  1. Price Stability
                    1. Full Employment
                      1. Economic Growth
                        1. Financial Stability
                        2. Tools of Monetary Control
                          1. Open-Market Operations
                            1. Buying Securities
                              1. Selling Securities
                                1. Primary Dealers
                                2. The Discount Rate
                                  1. Discount Window
                                    1. Types of Credit
                                    2. Reserve Requirements
                                      1. Required Reserve Ratio
                                        1. Excess Reserves
                                        2. Interest on Reserves
                                          1. Floor System
                                        3. The Federal Funds Rate
                                          1. Target Rate
                                            1. Effective Rate
                                              1. Transmission Mechanism
                                            2. Monetary Policy Implementation
                                              1. Conventional Monetary Policy
                                                1. Interest Rate Targeting
                                                  1. Money Supply Targeting
                                                  2. Unconventional Monetary Policy
                                                    1. Quantitative Easing
                                                      1. Forward Guidance
                                                        1. Negative Interest Rates
                                                      2. Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
                                                        1. Expansionary Monetary Policy
                                                          1. Effects on Interest Rates
                                                            1. Effects on Investment
                                                              1. Effects on Consumption
                                                                1. Effects on Net Exports
                                                                2. Contractionary Monetary Policy
                                                                  1. Anti-Inflation Policy
                                                                    1. Economic Cooling
                                                                    2. Transmission Mechanisms
                                                                      1. Interest Rate Channel
                                                                        1. Credit Channel
                                                                          1. Exchange Rate Channel
                                                                            1. Asset Price Channel
                                                                            2. Lags in Monetary Policy
                                                                              1. Recognition Lag
                                                                                1. Implementation Lag
                                                                                  1. Impact Lag
                                                                              2. Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand
                                                                                1. Definition and Tools of Fiscal Policy
                                                                                  1. Government Spending
                                                                                    1. Transfer Payments
                                                                                      1. Government Purchases
                                                                                        1. Public Investment
                                                                                        2. Taxation
                                                                                          1. Income Taxes
                                                                                            1. Payroll Taxes
                                                                                              1. Corporate Taxes
                                                                                                1. Indirect Taxes
                                                                                              2. Types of Fiscal Policy
                                                                                                1. Discretionary Fiscal Policy
                                                                                                  1. Automatic Stabilizers
                                                                                                    1. Progressive Tax System
                                                                                                      1. Unemployment Insurance
                                                                                                        1. Welfare Programs
                                                                                                      2. The Multiplier Effect
                                                                                                        1. Simple Multiplier
                                                                                                          1. Marginal Propensity to Consume
                                                                                                            1. Marginal Propensity to Save
                                                                                                              1. Calculating the Multiplier
                                                                                                                1. Tax Multiplier
                                                                                                                  1. Balanced Budget Multiplier
                                                                                                                  2. The Crowding-Out Effect
                                                                                                                    1. Interest Rate Channel
                                                                                                                      1. Offsetting Private Investment
                                                                                                                        1. Partial Crowding Out
                                                                                                                          1. Complete Crowding Out
                                                                                                                          2. Fiscal Policy in Open Economy
                                                                                                                            1. Net Export Effects
                                                                                                                              1. Exchange Rate Effects
                                                                                                                              2. Using Policy to Stabilize the Economy
                                                                                                                                1. The Case for Active Stabilization Policy
                                                                                                                                  1. Market Failures
                                                                                                                                    1. Sticky Prices and Wages
                                                                                                                                      1. Coordination Problems
                                                                                                                                      2. The Case Against Active Stabilization Policy
                                                                                                                                        1. Long and Variable Lags
                                                                                                                                          1. Political Constraints
                                                                                                                                            1. Crowding Out
                                                                                                                                              1. Rational Expectations
                                                                                                                                              2. Automatic Stabilizers
                                                                                                                                                1. Built-in Flexibility
                                                                                                                                                  1. Countercyclical Effects
                                                                                                                                                2. Fiscal Policy Constraints
                                                                                                                                                  1. Government Budget Constraint
                                                                                                                                                    1. Debt Sustainability
                                                                                                                                                      1. Political Economy Factors

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                                                                                                                                                  5. Short-Run Economic Fluctuations

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                                                                                                                                                  7. The Short-Run Trade-off Between Inflation and Unemployment