Machine Learning

  1. Unsupervised Learning
    1. Clustering Algorithms
      1. K-Means Clustering
        1. Algorithm Steps
          1. Initialization
            1. Assignment Step
              1. Update Step
                1. Convergence
                2. Centroid Initialization Methods
                  1. Random Initialization
                    1. K-Means++
                      1. Forgy Method
                      2. Determining Optimal k
                        1. Elbow Method
                          1. Silhouette Analysis
                            1. Gap Statistic
                              1. Information Criteria
                              2. Variants of K-Means
                                1. Mini-Batch K-Means
                                  1. Fuzzy C-Means
                                    1. K-Medoids
                                    2. Limitations and Assumptions
                                      1. Spherical Clusters
                                        1. Similar Cluster Sizes
                                          1. Sensitivity to Initialization
                                        2. Hierarchical Clustering
                                          1. Agglomerative Clustering
                                            1. Bottom-Up Approach
                                              1. Linkage Criteria
                                                1. Single Linkage
                                                  1. Complete Linkage
                                                    1. Average Linkage
                                                      1. Ward Linkage
                                                      2. Algorithm Steps
                                                      3. Divisive Clustering
                                                        1. Top-Down Approach
                                                          1. Splitting Strategies
                                                          2. Dendrograms
                                                            1. Construction
                                                              1. Interpretation
                                                                1. Cutting Trees
                                                                2. Distance Metrics
                                                                  1. Euclidean Distance
                                                                    1. Manhattan Distance
                                                                      1. Cosine Similarity
                                                                      2. Determining Number of Clusters
                                                                        1. Dendrogram Analysis
                                                                          1. Inconsistency Coefficient
                                                                        2. Density-Based Clustering
                                                                          1. DBSCAN
                                                                            1. Core Points
                                                                              1. Border Points
                                                                                1. Noise Points
                                                                                  1. Density Reachability
                                                                                    1. Parameter Selection
                                                                                      1. Epsilon
                                                                                        1. MinPts
                                                                                        2. Advantages and Limitations
                                                                                        3. OPTICS
                                                                                          1. Ordering Points
                                                                                            1. Reachability Distance
                                                                                              1. Core Distance
                                                                                              2. Mean Shift
                                                                                                1. Kernel Density Estimation
                                                                                                  1. Mode Seeking
                                                                                                2. Model-Based Clustering
                                                                                                  1. Gaussian Mixture Models
                                                                                                    1. Mixture Components
                                                                                                      1. EM Algorithm
                                                                                                        1. Model Selection
                                                                                                        2. Expectation-Maximization
                                                                                                          1. E-Step
                                                                                                            1. M-Step
                                                                                                              1. Convergence
                                                                                                            2. Clustering Evaluation
                                                                                                              1. Internal Measures
                                                                                                                1. Silhouette Score
                                                                                                                  1. Calinski-Harabasz Index
                                                                                                                    1. Davies-Bouldin Index
                                                                                                                    2. External Measures
                                                                                                                      1. Adjusted Rand Index
                                                                                                                        1. Normalized Mutual Information
                                                                                                                          1. Fowlkes-Mallows Index
                                                                                                                      2. Dimensionality Reduction
                                                                                                                        1. Principal Component Analysis
                                                                                                                          1. Covariance Matrix
                                                                                                                            1. Eigenvalue Decomposition
                                                                                                                              1. Principal Components
                                                                                                                                1. First Principal Component
                                                                                                                                  1. Subsequent Components
                                                                                                                                    1. Orthogonality
                                                                                                                                    2. Explained Variance
                                                                                                                                      1. Variance Ratio
                                                                                                                                        1. Cumulative Variance
                                                                                                                                          1. Scree Plot
                                                                                                                                          2. Dimensionality Selection
                                                                                                                                            1. Kaiser Criterion
                                                                                                                                              1. Cumulative Variance Threshold
                                                                                                                                                1. Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                2. PCA Applications
                                                                                                                                                  1. Data Compression
                                                                                                                                                    1. Noise Reduction
                                                                                                                                                      1. Visualization
                                                                                                                                                      2. Limitations
                                                                                                                                                        1. Linear Assumptions
                                                                                                                                                          1. Interpretability
                                                                                                                                                        2. Factor Analysis
                                                                                                                                                          1. Latent Factors
                                                                                                                                                            1. Factor Loadings
                                                                                                                                                              1. Communalities
                                                                                                                                                                1. Uniqueness
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rotation Methods
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Varimax
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Promax
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Independent Component Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Statistical Independence
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Non-Gaussian Sources
                                                                                                                                                                          1. FastICA Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Signal Separation
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Non-Linear Dimensionality Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                1. t-SNE
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stochastic Neighbor Embedding
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. t-Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Perplexity Parameter
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Optimization Process
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Visualization Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. UMAP
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Uniform Manifold Approximation
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Topological Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hyperparameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Manifold Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Locally Linear Embedding
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Isomap
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Laplacian Eigenmaps
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Autoencoders for Dimensionality Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Encoder-Decoder Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bottleneck Layer
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reconstruction Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Variational Autoencoders
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Association Rule Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Market Basket Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transactions and Items
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Itemsets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Association Rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Apriori Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Frequent Itemset Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Candidate Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Support Counting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Rule Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Computational Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. FP-Growth Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. FP-Tree Construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Conditional Pattern Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Efficiency Improvements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Evaluation Metrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Confidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Lift
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Conviction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Kulczynski Measure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cosine Measure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Recommendation Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cross-Selling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Inventory Management

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                6. Model Evaluation and Validation