Machine Learning

  1. Data Preprocessing and Feature Engineering
    1. Understanding Data
      1. Data Types
        1. Numerical Data
          1. Categorical Data
            1. Ordinal Data
              1. Text Data
                1. Time Series Data
                2. Data Quality Assessment
                  1. Completeness
                    1. Accuracy
                      1. Consistency
                        1. Timeliness
                        2. Exploratory Data Analysis
                          1. Descriptive Statistics
                            1. Data Visualization
                              1. Pattern Recognition
                                1. Outlier Identification
                              2. Data Collection and Storage
                                1. Data Sources
                                  1. Databases
                                    1. APIs
                                      1. Web Scraping
                                        1. Sensors and IoT
                                        2. Data Formats
                                          1. CSV
                                            1. JSON
                                              1. XML
                                                1. Parquet
                                                  1. HDF5
                                                  2. Data Storage Systems
                                                    1. Relational Databases
                                                      1. NoSQL Databases
                                                        1. Data Warehouses
                                                          1. Data Lakes
                                                        2. Data Cleaning
                                                          1. Handling Missing Values
                                                            1. Types of Missing Data
                                                              1. Missing Data Mechanisms
                                                                1. Deletion Methods
                                                                  1. Imputation Techniques
                                                                    1. Mean Imputation
                                                                      1. Median Imputation
                                                                        1. Mode Imputation
                                                                          1. Forward Fill
                                                                            1. Backward Fill
                                                                              1. Interpolation
                                                                                1. Model-Based Imputation
                                                                              2. Correcting Inconsistent Data
                                                                                1. Data Type Conversion
                                                                                  1. Format Standardization
                                                                                    1. Unit Conversion
                                                                                      1. Encoding Issues
                                                                                      2. Outlier Detection and Treatment
                                                                                        1. Statistical Methods
                                                                                          1. Z-Score Method
                                                                                            1. IQR Method
                                                                                              1. Modified Z-Score
                                                                                              2. Visualization Techniques
                                                                                                1. Box Plots
                                                                                                  1. Scatter Plots
                                                                                                    1. Histograms
                                                                                                    2. Machine Learning Methods
                                                                                                      1. Isolation Forest
                                                                                                        1. Local Outlier Factor
                                                                                                        2. Outlier Treatment
                                                                                                          1. Removal
                                                                                                            1. Transformation
                                                                                                              1. Capping
                                                                                                            2. Dealing with Duplicates
                                                                                                              1. Exact Duplicates
                                                                                                                1. Near Duplicates
                                                                                                                  1. Deduplication Strategies
                                                                                                                2. Feature Scaling and Normalization
                                                                                                                  1. Standardization
                                                                                                                    1. Z-Score Normalization
                                                                                                                      1. Robust Standardization
                                                                                                                      2. Normalization
                                                                                                                        1. Min-Max Scaling
                                                                                                                          1. Max Scaling
                                                                                                                            1. Unit Vector Scaling
                                                                                                                            2. Other Transformations
                                                                                                                              1. Log Transformation
                                                                                                                                1. Square Root Transformation
                                                                                                                                  1. Box-Cox Transformation
                                                                                                                                    1. Yeo-Johnson Transformation
                                                                                                                                    2. When to Apply Scaling
                                                                                                                                      1. Algorithm Requirements
                                                                                                                                        1. Feature Magnitude Differences
                                                                                                                                      2. Feature Engineering
                                                                                                                                        1. Feature Creation
                                                                                                                                          1. Polynomial Features
                                                                                                                                            1. Interaction Features
                                                                                                                                              1. Ratio Features
                                                                                                                                                1. Aggregation Features
                                                                                                                                                  1. Time-Based Features
                                                                                                                                                    1. Domain-Specific Features
                                                                                                                                                    2. Encoding Categorical Variables
                                                                                                                                                      1. One-Hot Encoding
                                                                                                                                                        1. Label Encoding
                                                                                                                                                          1. Ordinal Encoding
                                                                                                                                                            1. Binary Encoding
                                                                                                                                                              1. Target Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                1. Frequency Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hash Encoding
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Binning and Discretization
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Equal-Width Binning
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Equal-Frequency Binning
                                                                                                                                                                        1. K-Means Binning
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Custom Binning
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Text Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bag of Words
                                                                                                                                                                                1. TF-IDF
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. N-grams
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Image Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pixel Values
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Color Histograms
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Texture Features
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Time Series Feature Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Statistical Features
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Frequency Domain Features
                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Feature Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Filter Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Univariate Statistical Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Correlation Coefficient
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Chi-Squared Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mutual Information
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Variance Threshold
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Wrapper Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Forward Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Backward Elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Recursive Feature Elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Exhaustive Search
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Embedded Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Lasso Regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ridge Regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Elastic Net
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tree-Based Feature Importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Regularization Paths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Dimensionality Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Principal Component Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Linear Discriminant Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Independent Component Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Factor Analysis

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Supervised Learning