Machine Design and Mechanisms

  1. Design of Mechanical Elements
    1. Shafts and Axles
      1. Shaft Design Fundamentals
        1. Shaft vs. Axle
          1. Loading Types
            1. Design Criteria
            2. Shaft Materials
              1. Selection Criteria
                1. Common Materials Used
                  1. Heat Treatment Effects
                  2. Stress Analysis in Shafts
                    1. Static Loading
                      1. Combined Bending and Torsion
                        1. Equivalent Stress Calculations
                        2. Fatigue Loading
                          1. Fluctuating Stresses
                            1. Fatigue Analysis
                          2. Deflection Analysis in Shafts
                            1. Lateral Deflection
                              1. Slope and Deflection Limits
                                1. Bearing Alignment
                                2. Torsional Deflection
                                  1. Angle of Twist Limits
                                3. Critical Speed of Shafts
                                  1. Whirling of Shafts
                                    1. Calculation Methods
                                      1. Rayleigh's Method
                                        1. Operating Speed Considerations
                                        2. Shaft Design Procedure
                                          1. Preliminary Sizing
                                            1. Detailed Analysis
                                              1. Design Verification
                                            2. Keys, Pins, and Splines
                                              1. Key Types and Applications
                                                1. Square Keys
                                                  1. Rectangular Keys
                                                    1. Woodruff Keys
                                                    2. Key Stress Analysis
                                                      1. Shear Stress
                                                        1. Bearing Stress
                                                        2. Pins and Cotter Joints
                                                          1. Pin Types
                                                            1. Stress Analysis
                                                            2. Splines
                                                              1. Involute Splines
                                                                1. Straight-sided Splines
                                                                  1. Design and Analysis
                                                                2. Fasteners and Connections
                                                                  1. Threaded Fasteners
                                                                    1. Fastener Types
                                                                      1. Bolts
                                                                        1. Screws
                                                                          1. Studs
                                                                            1. Nuts
                                                                            2. Thread Standards and Specifications
                                                                              1. Metric Threads
                                                                                1. Unified Thread Standard
                                                                                2. Preload and Joint Stiffness
                                                                                  1. Bolt Preload
                                                                                    1. Joint Stiffness Calculation
                                                                                      1. Gasket Effects
                                                                                      2. Static Loading of Bolted Joints
                                                                                        1. Tension Loading
                                                                                          1. Shear Loading
                                                                                            1. Combined Loading
                                                                                            2. Fatigue Loading of Bolted Joints
                                                                                              1. Stress Concentration
                                                                                                1. Fatigue Analysis
                                                                                                  1. Preload Effects
                                                                                                2. Welded Joints
                                                                                                  1. Types of Welds
                                                                                                    1. Fillet Welds
                                                                                                      1. Groove Welds
                                                                                                        1. Plug and Slot Welds
                                                                                                        2. Welding Symbols
                                                                                                          1. AWS Standards
                                                                                                            1. Drawing Conventions
                                                                                                            2. Stresses in Welded Joints
                                                                                                              1. Throat Area Calculations
                                                                                                                1. Stress Analysis Methods
                                                                                                                2. Fatigue of Welds
                                                                                                                  1. Fatigue Categories
                                                                                                                    1. Design Procedures
                                                                                                                  2. Riveted Joints
                                                                                                                    1. Rivet Types
                                                                                                                      1. Joint Configurations
                                                                                                                        1. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                        2. Adhesive Bonding
                                                                                                                          1. Adhesive Types
                                                                                                                            1. Joint Design
                                                                                                                              1. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                            2. Bearings
                                                                                                                              1. Rolling-Contact Bearings
                                                                                                                                1. Types of Rolling Bearings
                                                                                                                                  1. Ball Bearings
                                                                                                                                    1. Deep Groove
                                                                                                                                      1. Angular Contact
                                                                                                                                        1. Thrust Bearings
                                                                                                                                        2. Roller Bearings
                                                                                                                                          1. Cylindrical
                                                                                                                                            1. Spherical
                                                                                                                                              1. Needle
                                                                                                                                              2. Tapered Roller Bearings
                                                                                                                                              3. Bearing Life Analysis
                                                                                                                                                1. L10 Life
                                                                                                                                                  1. Weibull Distribution
                                                                                                                                                    1. Reliability Factors
                                                                                                                                                    2. Load Ratings
                                                                                                                                                      1. Static Load Rating
                                                                                                                                                        1. Dynamic Load Rating
                                                                                                                                                          1. Equivalent Load Calculations
                                                                                                                                                          2. Bearing Selection Procedures
                                                                                                                                                            1. Life Requirements
                                                                                                                                                              1. Load Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                1. Speed Limitations
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Factors
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Bearing Installation and Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mounting Methods
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lubrication Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sealing
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sliding-Contact Bearings
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Lubrication Theory
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reynolds Equation
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hydrodynamic Lubrication
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hydrostatic Lubrication
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Boundary Lubrication
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mixed Lubrication
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Journal Bearing Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sommerfeld Number
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Bearing Performance Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Friction and Power Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Heat Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Bearing Design Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Length-to-Diameter Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clearance Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Material Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Thrust Bearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fixed-pad Bearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tilting-pad Bearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Spring Fundamentals
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Spring Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Energy Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Spring Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Spring Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Selection Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Common Materials Used
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Carbon Steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Alloy Steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stainless Steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Non-ferrous Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Material Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Helical Compression Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Geometry and Terminology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Torsional Stress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Direct Shear Correction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Curvature Correction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Deflection Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. End Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Plain Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Squared Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ground Ends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Spring Design Procedure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Helical Extension Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Initial Tension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Hook Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hook Stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hook Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Helical Torsion Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stress and Deflection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bending vs. Torsion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. End Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Leaf Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Single-leaf Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Multi-leaf Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Stress Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Design Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Spring Stability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Buckling of Compression Springs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Buckling Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Prevention Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Spring Surge and Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Surge Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Power Screws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Thread Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Square Threads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Acme Threads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Buttress Threads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Screw Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Torque Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Self-locking Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Buckling of Power Screws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Critical Load
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. End Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Ball Screws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Advantages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Load Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Selection Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Gears
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Gear Fundamentals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Gear Tooth Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Involute Tooth Profile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Interference and Undercutting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Gear Materials and Manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Material Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Steel Grades
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cast Iron
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Non-metallic Gears
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Heat Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Through Hardening
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Case Hardening
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Surface Treatments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Manufacturing Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gear Cutting Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gear Finishing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Spur Gear Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bending Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lewis Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. AGMA Bending Stress Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Geometry Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Surface Durability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pitting Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Contact Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. AGMA Surface Durability Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. AGMA Design Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Design Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Safety Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reliability Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Helical Gear Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Geometry and Terminology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Force Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Tangential Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Radial Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Axial Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Bevel Gear Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Geometry and Terminology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Force Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mounting Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Worm Gear Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Geometry and Terminology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Efficiency Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Thermal Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Lubrication Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Gear Trains Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Speed Reduction Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Torque Multiplication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Efficiency Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Packaging Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Clutches, Brakes, and Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Friction Clutches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Plate Clutches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Single-plate Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Multi-plate Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Torque Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pressure Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cone Clutches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Design Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Self-energizing Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Centrifugal Clutches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Operating Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Design Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Friction Brakes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Drum Brakes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Internal Expanding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. External Contracting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Force and Torque Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Self-energizing Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Band Brakes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Simple Band Brake
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Differential Band Brake
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Design Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Disk Brakes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Caliper Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Force Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Heat Dissipation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Energy Dissipation and Temperature Rise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Heat Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Friction Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cooling Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Natural Convection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Forced Convection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Heat Sinks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rigid Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Flange Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sleeve Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Design Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Flexible Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Universal Joints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Oldham Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Elastomeric Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Fluid Couplings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Operating Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Performance Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Alignment and Installation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Alignment Tolerances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Installation Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Flexible Mechanical Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Belt Drives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Flat Belts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Belt Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tension Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Power Transmission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Belt Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. V-Belts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Belt Types and Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sheave Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Power Rating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Installation and Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Synchronous Belts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tooth Profiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pulley Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Belt Tension and Power Transmission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Tight and Slack Side Tensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Centrifugal Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Creep and Slip
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Chain Drives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Roller Chains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Chain Construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Chain Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sprocket Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Silent Chains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Construction Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Chain Selection and Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Power Rating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Service Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Chain Length Calculation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Lubrication and Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lubrication Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Wear Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Maintenance Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Wire Ropes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Construction and Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Wire Rope Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lay Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Core Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Materials and Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wire Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Strength Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Flexibility Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Stress Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tension Stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bending Stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Combined Stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Applications and Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Load Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Safety Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Inspection and Replacement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sheaves and Drums
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Design Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Size Ratios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Groove Specifications

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Introduction to Machine Design