Larval Biology and Ecology

  1. Larval Morphology and Anatomy
    1. External Anatomy
      1. Body Plans and Symmetry
        1. Bilateral Symmetry
          1. Radial Symmetry
            1. Asymmetrical Forms
            2. Ciliary Systems
              1. Prototroch
                1. Metatroch
                  1. Adoral Ciliary Zone
                    1. Locomotory Cilia
                      1. Feeding Cilia
                      2. Defensive Structures
                        1. Spines and Spicules
                          1. Setae and Bristles
                            1. Protective Shells
                            2. Feeding Appendages
                              1. Mandibles and Maxillae
                                1. Specialized Mouthparts
                                  1. Filter-feeding Structures
                                  2. Body Coverings
                                    1. Cuticle Structure
                                      1. Ciliated Epidermis
                                        1. Secreted Coverings
                                      2. Internal Systems
                                        1. Digestive System
                                          1. Complete Digestive Tract
                                            1. Incomplete Digestive Tract
                                              1. Specialized Digestive Regions
                                                1. Foregut
                                                  1. Midgut
                                                    1. Hindgut
                                                    2. Digestive Glands
                                                    3. Nervous System
                                                      1. Central Nervous System Organization
                                                        1. Ganglia Distribution
                                                          1. Peripheral Nervous System
                                                            1. Neurosecretory Cells
                                                            2. Excretory and Osmoregulatory Systems
                                                              1. Protonephridia
                                                                1. Metanephridia
                                                                  1. Malpighian Tubules
                                                                    1. Specialized Excretory Cells
                                                                    2. Respiratory Systems
                                                                      1. External Gills
                                                                        1. Internal Gills
                                                                          1. Cutaneous Respiration
                                                                            1. Tracheal Systems
                                                                            2. Circulatory System
                                                                              1. Open Circulatory Systems
                                                                                1. Closed Circulatory Systems
                                                                                  1. Hemolymph Composition
                                                                                2. Sensory Systems
                                                                                  1. Visual Systems
                                                                                    1. Simple Eyespots
                                                                                      1. Compound Eyes
                                                                                        1. Photoreceptive Cells
                                                                                        2. Chemoreception
                                                                                          1. Olfactory Receptors
                                                                                            1. Gustatory Receptors
                                                                                              1. Antennae and Sensory Setae
                                                                                              2. Mechanoreception
                                                                                                1. Touch Receptors
                                                                                                  1. Vibration Sensors
                                                                                                    1. Lateral Line Systems
                                                                                                    2. Equilibrium and Orientation
                                                                                                      1. Statocysts
                                                                                                        1. Gravity Receptors
                                                                                                          1. Magnetic Sensors

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                                                                                                      1. Introduction to Larval Biology and Ecology

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                                                                                                      3. Larval Physiology and Development