Landscape Studies

  1. Landscape Dynamics and Change
    1. Theories of Landscape Evolution
      1. Cyclical Change
        1. Recurrent Patterns
          1. Seasonal Cycles
            1. Ecological Cycles
              1. Economic Cycles
                1. Cultural Cycles
              2. Linear Change
                1. Progressive Transformation
                  1. Directional Change
                    1. Evolutionary Processes
                      1. Development Stages
                        1. Irreversible Changes
                      2. Equilibrium
                        1. Stable States
                          1. Dynamic Equilibrium
                            1. Steady State
                              1. Homeostasis
                                1. Balance Mechanisms
                              2. Disequilibrium
                                1. Disturbance and Recovery
                                  1. Perturbation Events
                                    1. System Response
                                      1. Recovery Trajectories
                                        1. Alternative States
                                      2. Resilience
                                        1. Adaptive Capacity
                                          1. System Flexibility
                                            1. Coping Mechanisms
                                              1. Learning Processes
                                                1. Transformation Ability
                                              2. Thresholds
                                                1. Tipping Points
                                                  1. Critical Thresholds
                                                    1. Regime Shifts
                                                      1. Irreversible Changes
                                                        1. Early Warning Signs
                                                    2. Drivers of Landscape Change
                                                      1. Climate Change
                                                        1. Extreme Weather Events
                                                          1. Increased Frequency
                                                            1. Intensity Changes
                                                              1. Drought Events
                                                                1. Storm Impacts
                                                              2. Globalization
                                                                1. Economic Integration
                                                                  1. Trade Networks
                                                                    1. Capital Flows
                                                                      1. Market Forces
                                                                        1. Economic Restructuring
                                                                        2. Cultural Exchange
                                                                          1. Cultural Diffusion
                                                                            1. Homogenization
                                                                              1. Hybridization
                                                                                1. Identity Changes
                                                                              2. Economic Shifts
                                                                                1. Industrialization
                                                                                  1. Manufacturing Growth
                                                                                    1. Urbanization
                                                                                      1. Infrastructure Development
                                                                                        1. Environmental Impacts
                                                                                        2. Deindustrialization
                                                                                          1. Economic Decline
                                                                                            1. Job Losses
                                                                                              1. Urban Decay
                                                                                                1. Land Use Changes
                                                                                              2. Policy and Governance
                                                                                                1. Land Use Policy
                                                                                                  1. Zoning Regulations
                                                                                                    1. Development Controls
                                                                                                      1. Conservation Policies
                                                                                                        1. Planning Frameworks
                                                                                                        2. Environmental Regulation
                                                                                                          1. Pollution Controls
                                                                                                            1. Protected Areas
                                                                                                              1. Resource Management
                                                                                                                1. Sustainability Policies
                                                                                                              2. Technological Innovation
                                                                                                                1. Agricultural Technology
                                                                                                                  1. Mechanization
                                                                                                                    1. Biotechnology
                                                                                                                      1. Precision Agriculture
                                                                                                                        1. Productivity Increases
                                                                                                                        2. Transportation Advances
                                                                                                                          1. Infrastructure Development
                                                                                                                            1. Accessibility Changes
                                                                                                                              1. Mobility Patterns
                                                                                                                                1. Spatial Reorganization
                                                                                                                              2. Demographic Change
                                                                                                                                1. Urbanization
                                                                                                                                  1. Rural-Urban Migration
                                                                                                                                    1. City Growth
                                                                                                                                      1. Suburban Expansion
                                                                                                                                        1. Megacity Development
                                                                                                                                        2. Migration
                                                                                                                                          1. Population Movements
                                                                                                                                            1. Settlement Patterns
                                                                                                                                              1. Cultural Landscapes
                                                                                                                                                1. Demographic Transitions
                                                                                                                                            2. Modeling Landscape Futures
                                                                                                                                              1. Scenario Building
                                                                                                                                                1. Alternative Futures
                                                                                                                                                  1. Scenario Development
                                                                                                                                                    1. Storylines
                                                                                                                                                      1. Quantitative Scenarios
                                                                                                                                                        1. Qualitative Narratives
                                                                                                                                                        2. Stakeholder Engagement
                                                                                                                                                          1. Participatory Methods
                                                                                                                                                            1. Expert Knowledge
                                                                                                                                                              1. Local Knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                1. Consensus Building
                                                                                                                                                              2. Predictive Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                1. Simulation Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mathematical Models
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Computer Simulations
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Statistical Models
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Machine Learning
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Data Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Input Data
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Calibration Data
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Validation Data
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Uncertainty Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Agent-Based Models
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Individual-Based Simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Agent Behavior
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Decision Rules
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Interaction Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Emergent Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. System Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Feedback Loops
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. System Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Causal Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Dynamic Behavior

                                                                                                                                                                                          Previous

                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Methods in Landscape Analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                          Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                                          Next

                                                                                                                                                                                          7. Applied Landscape Studies and Contemporary Issues