Landscape Ecology

  1. Landscape Dynamics and Change
    1. Disturbance Ecology
      1. Natural Disturbances
        1. Fire
          1. Fire Regimes
            1. Fire Behavior
              1. Ecological Effects
                1. Fire Management
                2. Wind Disturbance
                  1. Windthrow Patterns
                    1. Forest Structure Effects
                      1. Recovery Processes
                      2. Flooding
                        1. Flood Regimes
                          1. Floodplain Dynamics
                            1. Sediment Transport
                              1. Riparian Effects
                              2. Biological Disturbances
                                1. Pest Outbreaks
                                  1. Disease Spread
                                    1. Herbivory Effects
                                  2. Human Disturbances
                                    1. Land Use Change
                                      1. Deforestation
                                        1. Agricultural Conversion
                                          1. Urban Development
                                            1. Infrastructure Development
                                            2. Land Management
                                              1. Forestry Practices
                                                1. Agricultural Intensification
                                                  1. Fire Suppression
                                                2. Disturbance Regimes
                                                  1. Frequency Patterns
                                                    1. Intensity Variations
                                                      1. Spatial Extent
                                                        1. Temporal Patterns
                                                          1. Regime Interactions
                                                        2. Landscape Response to Change
                                                          1. Succession Processes
                                                            1. Primary Succession
                                                              1. Secondary Succession
                                                                1. Successional Pathways
                                                                  1. Climax Concepts
                                                                  2. Patch Dynamics
                                                                    1. Patch Creation
                                                                      1. Patch Development
                                                                        1. Patch Extinction
                                                                          1. Spatial Patterns
                                                                          2. Stability and Resilience
                                                                            1. Resistance Mechanisms
                                                                              1. Recovery Processes
                                                                                1. Alternative States
                                                                                  1. Thresholds and Tipping Points
                                                                                2. Climate Change Impacts
                                                                                  1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                    1. Species Range Shifts
                                                                                      1. Phenological Changes
                                                                                        1. Growth Responses
                                                                                        2. Precipitation Changes
                                                                                          1. Drought Impacts
                                                                                            1. Flood Frequency
                                                                                              1. Seasonal Patterns
                                                                                              2. Extreme Events
                                                                                                1. Heat Waves
                                                                                                  1. Storms
                                                                                                    1. Wildfire Changes
                                                                                                    2. Ecosystem Responses
                                                                                                      1. Vegetation Shifts
                                                                                                        1. Species Interactions
                                                                                                          1. Ecosystem Services
                                                                                                            1. Connectivity Changes

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                                                                                                        3. Landscape Function and Processes

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                                                                                                        5. Methods and Tools