Landscape Ecology

  1. Landscape Structure and Pattern
    1. Spatial Elements
      1. Patches
        1. Definition and Characteristics
          1. Patch Types
            1. Natural Patches
              1. Anthropogenic Patches
                1. Disturbance Patches
                2. Patch Properties
                  1. Size and Area
                    1. Shape and Complexity
                      1. Edge-to-Area Ratio
                        1. Interior Habitat
                          1. Patch Age and Duration
                            1. Isolation and Connectivity
                          2. Corridors
                            1. Definition and Functions
                              1. Corridor Types
                                1. Natural Corridors
                                  1. Artificial Corridors
                                    1. Linear Corridors
                                      1. Stepping Stone Corridors
                                      2. Corridor Properties
                                        1. Width and Length
                                          1. Connectivity Quality
                                            1. Structural Characteristics
                                              1. Edge Effects
                                              2. Corridor Functions
                                                1. Habitat Provision
                                                  1. Movement Facilitation
                                                    1. Barrier Effects
                                                      1. Gene Flow Enhancement
                                                    2. Matrix
                                                      1. Matrix Definition
                                                        1. Matrix Characteristics
                                                          1. Dominance and Extent
                                                            1. Permeability
                                                              1. Quality and Composition
                                                                1. Heterogeneity
                                                                2. Matrix Influence
                                                                  1. Effects on Patches
                                                                    1. Effects on Corridors
                                                                      1. Movement Resistance
                                                                  2. Landscape Composition and Configuration
                                                                    1. Compositional Aspects
                                                                      1. Land Cover Types
                                                                        1. Proportional Abundance
                                                                          1. Diversity Measures
                                                                          2. Configurational Aspects
                                                                            1. Spatial Arrangement
                                                                              1. Connectivity Patterns
                                                                                1. Fragmentation Patterns
                                                                                2. Composition-Configuration Interactions
                                                                                  1. Relative Importance
                                                                                    1. Scale Dependencies
                                                                                      1. Ecological Implications
                                                                                    2. Quantifying Landscape Structure
                                                                                      1. Landscape Metrics Overview
                                                                                        1. Purpose and Applications
                                                                                          1. Limitations and Considerations
                                                                                            1. Scale Dependencies
                                                                                            2. Patch-level Metrics
                                                                                              1. Area Metrics
                                                                                                1. Perimeter Metrics
                                                                                                  1. Shape Metrics
                                                                                                    1. Core Area Metrics
                                                                                                      1. Isolation Metrics
                                                                                                      2. Class-level Metrics
                                                                                                        1. Area and Density Metrics
                                                                                                          1. Edge Metrics
                                                                                                            1. Shape Metrics
                                                                                                              1. Aggregation Metrics
                                                                                                                1. Connectivity Metrics
                                                                                                                2. Landscape-level Metrics
                                                                                                                  1. Diversity Indices
                                                                                                                    1. Evenness Indices
                                                                                                                      1. Contagion Indices
                                                                                                                        1. Connectivity Indices
                                                                                                                          1. Fragmentation Indices

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                                                                                                                      1. Introduction to Landscape Ecology

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                                                                                                                      3. Landscape Function and Processes