Korean Language Grammar

Korean language grammar is distinguished by its Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) sentence structure and its agglutinative nature, where particles are attached to the ends of words to denote their grammatical function. A central feature is its complex system of honorifics, which dictates verb endings and vocabulary choices based on the social relationship between the speaker, the subject, and the listener. Verbs conjugate for tense, aspect, and mood, but not for person or number, and the grammar notably lacks articles (like "a" or "the") and grammatical gender, relying heavily on context to convey specific meanings.

1. Introduction to Korean Language Structure
   1. Overview of Korean Language Family
      1. Koreanic Language Family
      2. Historical Development
      3. Geographic Distribution
   2. The Korean Alphabet (Hangul)
      1. Historical Background of Hangul
         1. King Sejong's Creation
         2. Original Name Hunminjeongeum
         3. Adoption and Standardization
      2. Structure of Hangul Characters
         1. Featural Writing System
         2. Phonemic Representation
         3. Block Formation Principles
      3. Vowels
         1. Simple Vowels
            1. ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅣ
            2. Pronunciation Guidelines
            3. Mouth Position and Tongue Placement
         2. Compound Vowels
            1. ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, ㅠ
            2. ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅒ, ㅖ
            3. ㅘ, ㅙ, ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ
            4. Formation Rules
            5. Pronunciation Variations
      4. Consonants
         1. Basic Consonants
            1. ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ
            2. Pronunciation in Different Positions
         2. Aspirated Consonants
            1. ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅊ
            2. Aspiration Characteristics
            3. Distinction from Basic Consonants
         3. Tense Consonants
            1. ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ
            2. Glottalization Features
            3. Production Techniques
      5. Writing and Pronunciation Rules
         1. Pronunciation of Final Consonants
            1. Seven Final Consonant Sounds
            2. Neutralization Rules
            3. Position-Based Changes
         2. Sound Changes
            1. Assimilation Processes
            2. Palatalization Rules
            3. Tensification Conditions
            4. Aspiration Rules
   3. Syllable Block Construction
      1. Syllable Structure Components
         1. Initial Consonant Position
         2. Medial Vowel Position
         3. Final Consonant Position
      2. Block Formation Rules
         1. Horizontal Combinations
         2. Vertical Combinations
         3. Complex Block Structures
      3. Spacing and Word Boundaries
         1. Word Separation Principles
         2. Compound Word Treatment
         3. Particle Attachment Rules
   4. Basic Sentence Structure
      1. Subject-Object-Verb Order
         1. Standard Word Order
         2. Flexibility in Spoken Korean
         3. Emphasis Through Reordering
      2. Omission of Sentence Elements
         1. Subject Omission Rules
         2. Object Omission Conditions
         3. Context-Dependent Understanding
      3. Topic-Comment Structure
         1. Topic Establishment
         2. Comment Development
         3. Information Flow Patterns
      4. Particle Functions in Sentence Structure
         1. Grammatical Role Marking
         2. Relationship Indication
         3. Sentence Cohesion
   5. Parts of Speech Overview
      1. Nouns
         1. Common Nouns
         2. Proper Nouns
         3. Abstract Nouns
         4. Compound Nouns
      2. Pronouns
         1. Personal Pronouns
         2. Demonstrative Pronouns
         3. Interrogative Pronouns
         4. Indefinite Pronouns
      3. Verbs
         1. Action Verbs
         2. State Verbs
         3. Auxiliary Verbs
         4. Irregular Verbs
      4. Adjectives
         1. Descriptive Adjectives
         2. Demonstrative Adjectives
         3. Quantitative Adjectives
      5. Adverbs
         1. Manner Adverbs
         2. Time Adverbs
         3. Place Adverbs
         4. Degree Adverbs
      6. Particles
         1. Case Particles
         2. Adverbial Particles
         3. Connective Particles
         4. Special Function Particles
      7. Conjunctions
         1. Coordinating Conjunctions
         2. Subordinating Conjunctions
      8. Interjections
         1. Emotional Expressions
         2. Response Particles