Korean Language Grammar

5.

Speech Levels and Honorifics

5.1.

Speech Level System Overview

5.1.1.

Social Hierarchy Reflection

5.1.2.

Age-Based Distinctions

5.1.3.

Relationship Formality

5.1.4.

Contextual Appropriateness

5.2.

Formal Polite Style

5.2.1.

Declarative Endings

5.2.1.1.

ㅂ니다 Usage

5.2.1.2.

습니다 Usage

5.2.1.3.

Phonological Rules

5.2.2.

Interrogative Endings

5.2.2.1.

ㅂ니까 Formation

5.2.2.2.

습니까 Formation

5.2.2.3.

Question Intonation

5.2.3.

Imperative Endings

5.2.3.1.

십시오 Formation

5.2.3.2.

으십시오 Formation

5.2.3.3.

Polite Commands

5.2.4.

Propositive Endings

5.2.4.1.

ㅂ시다 Formation

5.2.4.2.

읍시다 Formation

5.2.4.3.

Group Suggestions

5.3.

Informal Polite Style

5.3.1.

Declarative and Interrogative Forms

5.3.1.1.

아요 Patterns

5.3.1.2.

어요 Patterns

5.3.1.3.

여요 Patterns

5.3.1.4.

Intonation Differences

5.3.2.

Imperative Forms

5.3.2.1.

세요 Formation

5.3.2.2.

으세요 Formation

5.3.2.3.

Polite Requests

5.3.3.

Propositive Forms

5.3.3.1.

Suggestion Patterns

5.3.3.2.

Invitation Expressions

5.4.

Informal Casual Style

5.4.1.

Peer Communication

5.4.1.1.

Age-Matched Usage

5.4.1.2.

Intimate Relationships

5.4.2.

Sentence Ending Variations

5.4.2.1.

Declarative Forms

5.4.2.2.

Interrogative Forms

5.4.2.3.

Imperative Forms

5.4.2.4.

Propositive Forms

5.5.

Honorific System

5.5.1.

Subject Honorifics

5.5.1.1.

시 Suffix Usage

5.5.1.2.

으시 Suffix Usage

5.5.1.3.

Phonological Conditioning

5.5.1.4.

Respect for Subject

5.5.2.

Honorific Vocabulary

5.5.2.1.

Honorific Nouns

5.5.2.1.1.

5.5.2.1.2.

5.5.2.1.3.

5.5.2.2.

Honorific Verbs

5.5.2.2.1.

계시다 for 있다

5.5.2.2.2.

드시다 for 먹다

5.5.2.2.3.

주무시다 for 자다

5.6.

5.6.1.

Object Elevation Strategy

5.6.1.1.

Lowering Speaker Status

5.6.1.2.

Raising Addressee Status

5.6.2.

Humble Expressions

5.6.2.1.

드리다 Usage

5.6.2.2.

여쭙다 Usage

5.6.2.3.

Formal Situation Applications

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6. Sentence Connectors and Clause Combination