Japanese language grammar is distinguished by its Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) sentence structure and its agglutinative nature, where grammatical function is primarily indicated by particles that attach to the end of words. Instead of prepositions, these post-positional particles (known as 助詞, joshi) mark the topic, subject, object, and other relationships within a sentence. A central feature is the complex verb and adjective conjugation system, which changes not only for tense and negation but also for intricate levels of politeness and formality (敬語, keigo), reflecting the social context of the conversation. The grammar is also characterized by the frequent omission of subjects when understood from context and the absence of grammatical gender, articles, or noun plurals.