Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

  1. Core Enabling Technologies
    1. Sensing and Data Collection Technologies
      1. In-Vehicle Sensors
        1. GPS/GNSS Receivers
          1. Positioning Accuracy
            1. Map Matching
              1. Differential GPS
                1. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Systems
                2. Radar Systems
                  1. Object Detection
                    1. Adaptive Cruise Control Support
                      1. Blind Spot Monitoring
                        1. Cross Traffic Alert
                        2. LiDAR Systems
                          1. 3D Environment Mapping
                            1. Obstacle Detection
                              1. Point Cloud Processing
                                1. Range and Resolution Characteristics
                                2. Camera Systems
                                  1. Lane Detection
                                    1. Traffic Sign Recognition
                                      1. Object Classification
                                        1. Stereo Vision
                                        2. Inertial Measurement Units (IMU)
                                          1. Vehicle Dynamics Monitoring
                                            1. Dead Reckoning
                                              1. Acceleration and Angular Velocity Measurement
                                              2. Ultrasonic Sensors
                                                1. Parking Assistance
                                                  1. Low-Speed Object Detection
                                                2. Roadside Sensors
                                                  1. Inductive Loop Detectors
                                                    1. Vehicle Counting
                                                      1. Speed Measurement
                                                        1. Vehicle Classification
                                                          1. Occupancy Detection
                                                          2. Video Image Processors
                                                            1. Traffic Flow Analysis
                                                              1. Incident Detection
                                                                1. License Plate Recognition
                                                                  1. Queue Length Measurement
                                                                  2. Microwave and Infrared Sensors
                                                                    1. Speed and Presence Detection
                                                                      1. Non-Intrusive Detection
                                                                      2. Acoustic Sensors
                                                                        1. Vehicle Classification
                                                                          1. Noise Monitoring
                                                                            1. Gunshot Detection
                                                                            2. Environmental Sensors
                                                                              1. Weather Monitoring
                                                                                1. Air Quality Measurement
                                                                                  1. Visibility Detection
                                                                                    1. Road Surface Conditions
                                                                                    2. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Beacons
                                                                                      1. Travel Time Measurement
                                                                                        1. Origin-Destination Studies
                                                                                      2. Probe Data Collection
                                                                                        1. Mobile Devices
                                                                                          1. Smartphone-Based Sensing
                                                                                            1. Crowdsourced Data
                                                                                              1. GPS Tracking
                                                                                                1. Accelerometer Data
                                                                                                2. Vehicle Probes (Floating Car Data)
                                                                                                  1. Fleet Data Collection
                                                                                                    1. Anonymized Vehicle Tracking
                                                                                                      1. Commercial Vehicle Data
                                                                                                        1. Connected Vehicle Data
                                                                                                    2. Communication Technologies
                                                                                                      1. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication
                                                                                                        1. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
                                                                                                          1. Cooperative Awareness Messages
                                                                                                            1. Collision Avoidance Messaging
                                                                                                              1. Emergency Vehicle Alerts
                                                                                                                1. Platooning Communication
                                                                                                                2. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
                                                                                                                  1. Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT)
                                                                                                                    1. Roadside Alerts
                                                                                                                      1. Work Zone Warnings
                                                                                                                        1. Speed Harmonization
                                                                                                                        2. Vehicle-to-Network (V2N)
                                                                                                                          1. Cloud Connectivity
                                                                                                                            1. Over-the-Air Updates
                                                                                                                              1. Remote Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                1. Fleet Management
                                                                                                                                2. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P)
                                                                                                                                  1. Vulnerable Road User Alerts
                                                                                                                                    1. Smartphone Integration
                                                                                                                                      1. Crosswalk Safety
                                                                                                                                    2. Communication Media and Protocols
                                                                                                                                      1. Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC)
                                                                                                                                        1. IEEE 802.11p Standard
                                                                                                                                          1. Protocols and Standards
                                                                                                                                            1. Latency and Reliability
                                                                                                                                              1. Channel Allocation
                                                                                                                                              2. Cellular V2X (C-V2X)
                                                                                                                                                1. 4G LTE-V2X
                                                                                                                                                  1. 5G NR-V2X
                                                                                                                                                    1. Network Slicing
                                                                                                                                                      1. Quality of Service (QoS)
                                                                                                                                                      2. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
                                                                                                                                                        1. Short-Range Data Exchange
                                                                                                                                                          1. Device Pairing
                                                                                                                                                            1. Mesh Networking
                                                                                                                                                            2. Satellite Communication
                                                                                                                                                              1. Remote Area Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                1. High-Altitude Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                2. Fiber Optic Networks
                                                                                                                                                                  1. High-Bandwidth Backhaul
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Network Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Traffic Management Center Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Information Processing and Control
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Data Fusion and Aggregation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Multi-Sensor Data Integration
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Real-Time Data Processing
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Kalman Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bayesian Networks
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Traffic Flow Modeling and Simulation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Microscopic Simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Individual Vehicle Behavior
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Car-Following Models
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Lane-Changing Models
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Macroscopic Simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Traffic Flow Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fundamental Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Shockwave Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Mesoscopic Simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hybrid Modeling Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Dynamic Traffic Assignment
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in ITS
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pattern Recognition
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Computer Vision Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Signal Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Predictive Modeling
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Time Series Forecasting
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Regression Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Neural Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Decision Support Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Expert Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Optimization Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Deep Learning Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Convolutional Neural Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Recurrent Neural Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Reinforcement Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Control Systems Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Feedback and Feedforward Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Adaptive Control Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Optimal Control Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Robust Control Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Edge and Cloud Computing Architectures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Edge Processing for Low Latency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cloud-Based Analytics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hybrid Architectures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fog Computing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Distributed Processing

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Introduction to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. ITS Applications and Services