Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

6.

Magmatic Differentiation and Evolution

6.1.

Fractional Crystallization

6.1.1.

Bowen's Reaction Series

6.1.1.1.

Discontinuous Reaction Series

6.1.1.1.1.

Olivine to Pyroxene

6.1.1.1.2.

Pyroxene to Amphibole

6.1.1.1.3.

Amphibole to Biotite

6.1.1.2.

Continuous Reaction Series

6.1.1.2.1.

Plagioclase Evolution

6.1.1.2.2.

Compositional Changes

6.1.2.

Crystal Fractionation Mechanisms

6.1.2.1.

Crystal Settling

6.1.2.2.

Filter Pressing

6.1.2.3.

Flow Differentiation

6.1.2.4.

In-situ Crystallization

6.1.3.

Cumulate Processes

6.1.3.1.

Cumulate Formation

6.1.3.2.

Post-cumulus Processes

6.1.3.3.

Cumulate Classification

6.2.

Magma Mixing and Mingling

6.2.1.

Physical Mixing Processes

6.2.2.

Chemical Hybridization

6.2.3.

Textural Evidence

6.2.4.

Compositional Evidence

6.2.5.

Mixing End-members

6.3.

Assimilation Processes

6.3.1.

Country Rock Assimilation

6.3.2.

Selective Assimilation

6.3.3.

Assimilation-Fractional Crystallization

6.3.3.1.

6.3.3.2.

Quantitative Treatment

6.3.4.

Thermal Constraints

6.3.5.

Isotopic Evidence

6.4.

Liquid Immiscibility

6.4.1.

Silicate Liquid Immiscibility

6.4.2.

Sulfide Liquid Immiscibility

6.4.3.

Carbonate Liquid Immiscibility

6.4.4.

Experimental Evidence

6.4.5.

Natural Examples

6.5.

Trace Element Behavior

6.5.1.

Element Compatibility

6.5.1.1.

Compatible Elements

6.5.1.2.

Incompatible Elements

6.5.1.3.

Moderately Compatible Elements

6.5.2.

Partition Coefficients

6.5.2.1.

Mineral-melt Partitioning

6.5.2.2.

Bulk Distribution Coefficients

6.5.2.3.

Controls on Partitioning

6.5.3.

Trace Element Modeling

6.5.3.1.

Batch Melting Models

6.5.3.2.

Fractional Melting Models

6.5.3.3.

Fractional Crystallization Models

6.5.3.4.

Rayleigh Fractionation

6.5.4.

Rare Earth Elements

6.5.4.1.

6.5.4.2.

6.5.4.3.

6.6.

Isotope Geochemistry Applications

6.6.1.

Radiogenic Isotope Systems

6.6.1.1.

6.6.1.2.

6.6.1.3.

6.6.1.4.

6.6.2.

Stable Isotope Systems

6.6.2.1.

Oxygen Isotopes

6.6.2.2.

Hydrogen Isotopes

6.6.2.3.

Carbon Isotopes

6.6.2.4.

Sulfur Isotopes

6.6.3.

Source Characterization

6.6.3.1.

Mantle Reservoirs

6.6.3.2.

Crustal Reservoirs

6.6.3.3.

6.6.4.

Magma Evolution Tracking

6.6.4.1.

Contamination Assessment

6.6.4.2.

6.6.4.3.

Alteration Effects

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7. Igneous Petrogenesis and Tectonic Settings