Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

4.

Igneous Structures and Emplacement Features

4.1.

Intrusive Bodies

4.1.1.

Concordant Intrusions

4.1.1.1.

4.1.1.1.1.

Formation Mechanisms

4.1.1.1.2.

Thickness Variations

4.1.1.2.

4.1.1.2.1.

Formation Conditions

4.1.1.2.2.

Structural Features

4.1.1.3.

4.1.1.3.1.

Characteristics

4.1.1.3.2.

Formation Models

4.1.2.

Discordant Intrusions

4.1.2.1.

4.1.2.1.1.

4.1.2.1.2.

4.1.2.1.3.

4.1.2.1.4.

4.1.2.2.

4.1.2.2.1.

4.1.2.2.2.

Emplacement Mechanisms

4.1.2.3.

4.1.2.3.1.

4.1.2.3.2.

Composite Nature

4.1.2.3.3.

Emplacement Models

4.1.2.4.

4.1.2.4.1.

4.1.2.4.2.

Internal Structure

4.2.

Extrusive Features

4.2.1.

4.2.1.1.

4.2.1.2.

4.2.1.3.

4.2.1.4.

4.2.2.

Pyroclastic Deposits

4.2.2.1.

Pyroclastic Falls

4.2.2.2.

Pyroclastic Flows

4.2.2.3.

Pyroclastic Surges

4.2.2.4.

4.2.3.

Volcanic Edifices

4.2.3.1.

Shield Volcanoes

4.2.3.2.

Stratovolcanoes

4.2.3.3.

4.2.3.4.

4.2.4.

Volcanic Structures

4.2.4.1.

4.2.4.2.

Columnar Jointing

4.2.4.3.

4.2.4.4.

4.3.

Contact Relationships

4.3.1.

Intrusive Contacts

4.3.1.1.

4.3.1.2.

Gradational Contacts

4.3.1.3.

Chilled Margins

4.3.2.

Contact Metamorphism

4.3.2.1.

Aureole Development

4.3.2.2.

Thermal Effects

4.3.3.

Xenoliths and Inclusions

4.3.3.1.

Country Rock Xenoliths

4.3.3.2.

Cognate Inclusions

4.3.3.3.

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3. Igneous Textures and Structures

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5. Classification of Igneous Rocks