ICS-SCADA Security

  1. Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attack Vectors
    1. Threat Actor Categories and Motivations
      1. Nation-State Actors
        1. Intelligence Gathering Operations
          1. Critical Infrastructure Disruption
            1. Economic Espionage Activities
              1. Geopolitical Influence Operations
              2. Cybercriminal Organizations
                1. Financial Gain Motivations
                  1. Ransomware Deployment
                    1. Data Theft and Monetization
                      1. Cryptocurrency Mining Operations
                      2. Hacktivist Groups
                        1. Political Statement Objectives
                          1. Social Cause Advancement
                            1. Corporate Reputation Damage
                              1. Public Awareness Campaigns
                              2. Malicious Insider Threats
                                1. Disgruntled Employee Actions
                                  1. Contractor and Vendor Risks
                                    1. Privileged Access Abuse
                                      1. Intellectual Property Theft
                                      2. Unintentional Insider Risks
                                        1. Human Error and Mistakes
                                          1. Inadequate Training Consequences
                                            1. Social Engineering Susceptibility
                                              1. Policy Violation Incidents
                                            2. Common Vulnerability Categories
                                              1. Legacy System Vulnerabilities
                                                1. Unsupported Operating Systems
                                                  1. Outdated Firmware Versions
                                                    1. End-of-Life Software Components
                                                      1. Unpatched Security Vulnerabilities
                                                      2. Authentication and Access Control Weaknesses
                                                        1. Default Credential Usage
                                                          1. Weak Password Policies
                                                            1. Hardcoded Authentication Credentials
                                                              1. Insufficient Access Control Implementation
                                                              2. Network Architecture Security Gaps
                                                                1. Flat Network Topologies
                                                                  1. Inadequate Network Segmentation
                                                                    1. Uncontrolled Network Access Points
                                                                      1. Insufficient Traffic Monitoring
                                                                      2. Remote Access Security Issues
                                                                        1. Unsecured VPN Implementations
                                                                          1. Remote Desktop Protocol Exposures
                                                                            1. Unencrypted Remote Connections
                                                                              1. Inadequate Remote Access Controls
                                                                              2. Industrial Protocol Vulnerabilities
                                                                                1. Protocol Design Flaws
                                                                                  1. Insufficient Security Feature Implementation
                                                                                    1. Clear Text Communication
                                                                                      1. Lack of Message Authentication
                                                                                      2. Physical Security Deficiencies
                                                                                        1. Unsecured Equipment Cabinets
                                                                                          1. Unmonitored Physical Access Points
                                                                                            1. Inadequate Facility Security
                                                                                              1. Removable Media Controls
                                                                                              2. Supply Chain Security Risks
                                                                                                1. Compromised Hardware Components
                                                                                                  1. Malicious Software Integration
                                                                                                    1. Third-Party Vendor Vulnerabilities
                                                                                                      1. Counterfeit Equipment Risks
                                                                                                    2. Attack Vector Classifications
                                                                                                      1. Network-Based Attack Methods
                                                                                                        1. Lateral Movement Techniques
                                                                                                          1. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
                                                                                                            1. Network Protocol Exploitation
                                                                                                              1. Traffic Interception and Modification
                                                                                                              2. Malware and Ransomware Threats
                                                                                                                1. ICS-Specific Malware Development
                                                                                                                  1. Ransomware Impact on Operations
                                                                                                                    1. Wiper Malware Deployment
                                                                                                                      1. Living-off-the-Land Techniques
                                                                                                                      2. Social Engineering Attacks
                                                                                                                        1. Spear Phishing Campaigns
                                                                                                                          1. Pretexting and Impersonation
                                                                                                                            1. Watering Hole Attacks
                                                                                                                              1. Business Email Compromise
                                                                                                                              2. Physical Attack Vectors
                                                                                                                                1. Direct Device Manipulation
                                                                                                                                  1. Unauthorized Physical Access
                                                                                                                                    1. Hardware Tampering
                                                                                                                                      1. Cable and Connection Interference
                                                                                                                                      2. Remote Access Exploitation
                                                                                                                                        1. Compromised Remote Sessions
                                                                                                                                          1. VPN Credential Theft
                                                                                                                                            1. Remote Desktop Vulnerabilities
                                                                                                                                              1. Cloud Service Account Compromise
                                                                                                                                              2. Removable Media Threats
                                                                                                                                                1. USB-Based Malware Delivery
                                                                                                                                                  1. Data Exfiltration via Removable Media
                                                                                                                                                    1. Firmware Update Manipulation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Configuration File Tampering
                                                                                                                                                    2. Notable Industrial Cyber Incidents
                                                                                                                                                      1. Stuxnet Malware Campaign
                                                                                                                                                        1. Attack Vector and Propagation Methods
                                                                                                                                                          1. PLC Logic Manipulation Techniques
                                                                                                                                                            1. Centrifuge Damage Assessment
                                                                                                                                                              1. Attribution and Geopolitical Impact
                                                                                                                                                              2. TRITON and TRISIS Attacks
                                                                                                                                                                1. Safety Instrumented System Targeting
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Schneider Electric Triconex Exploitation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Safety System Bypass Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Industrial Safety Implications
                                                                                                                                                                      2. BlackEnergy Power Grid Attacks
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ukrainian Power Grid Disruption
                                                                                                                                                                          1. SCADA System Compromise Methods
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Coordinated Multi-Vector Attack
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Recovery and Restoration Efforts
                                                                                                                                                                              2. INDUSTROYER and CrashOverride
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Power System Protocol Manipulation
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. IEC 61850 and IEC 104 Exploitation
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Substation Automation Targeting
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Modular Attack Framework Design
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Oldsmar Water Treatment Incident
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Remote Access System Compromise
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Chemical Dosing System Manipulation
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Operator Intervention and Response
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Public Safety Risk Assessment

                                                                                                                                                                                          Previous

                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Industrial Communication Protocols

                                                                                                                                                                                          Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                                          Next

                                                                                                                                                                                          6. ICS and SCADA Security Controls and Defense-in-Depth