Herpetology

  1. Physiology and Function
    1. Thermoregulation
      1. Ectothermy Principles
        1. Temperature Dependence
          1. Thermal Performance Curves
          2. Behavioral Thermoregulation
            1. Basking Behavior
              1. Burrowing and Hiding
                1. Microhabitat Selection
                  1. Seasonal Movements
                  2. Physiological Adaptations
                    1. Color Change for Thermoregulation
                      1. Cardiovascular Adjustments
                        1. Metabolic Adjustments
                        2. Dormancy States
                          1. Hibernation in Amphibians
                            1. Brumation in Reptiles
                              1. Aestivation
                            2. Energetics and Metabolism
                              1. Metabolic Rates
                                1. Standard Metabolic Rate
                                  1. Active Metabolic Rate
                                    1. Factors Affecting Metabolism
                                    2. Energy Budgets
                                      1. Energy Intake
                                        1. Energy Expenditure
                                          1. Growth Costs
                                            1. Reproductive Costs
                                            2. Seasonal Metabolic Changes
                                              1. Preparation for Dormancy
                                                1. Post-Dormancy Recovery
                                              2. Water and Osmotic Balance
                                                1. Water Uptake Mechanisms
                                                  1. Skin Absorption
                                                    1. Drinking Behavior
                                                      1. Dietary Water
                                                      2. Water Loss Pathways
                                                        1. Evaporative Loss
                                                          1. Urinary Loss
                                                            1. Fecal Loss
                                                            2. Osmoregulatory Adaptations
                                                              1. Salt Glands in Marine Reptiles
                                                                1. Kidney Adaptations
                                                                  1. Behavioral Adaptations
                                                                2. Venom and Toxins
                                                                  1. Venom Systems
                                                                    1. Venom Gland Structure
                                                                      1. Fang Types in Snakes
                                                                        1. Venom Delivery Mechanisms
                                                                        2. Venom Composition
                                                                          1. Neurotoxins
                                                                            1. Hemotoxins
                                                                              1. Cytotoxins
                                                                                1. Enzymatic Components
                                                                                2. Poison Systems
                                                                                  1. Skin Toxins in Amphibians
                                                                                    1. Defensive Chemicals
                                                                                    2. Ecological and Medical Significance
                                                                                      1. Effects on Prey
                                                                                        1. Effects on Predators
                                                                                          1. Human Envenomation

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                                                                                      4. Anatomy and Morphology

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                                                                                      6. Behavior and Ecology