Green Chemistry

  1. The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
    1. Principle 1: Prevention
      1. Prevention vs Treatment Philosophy
        1. Waste Minimization Strategies
          1. Source Reduction Techniques
            1. Process Design for Prevention
            2. Principle 2: Atom Economy
              1. Concept and Mathematical Definition
                1. Calculation Methods
                  1. Maximizing Reactant Incorporation
                    1. Comparison with Reaction Yield
                      1. High Atom Economy Examples
                      2. Principle 3: Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses
                        1. Synthetic Pathway Design
                          1. Toxicity Minimization
                            1. Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Hazards
                              1. Benign Reagent Selection
                              2. Principle 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
                                1. Structure-Activity Relationships
                                  1. Function Preservation Strategies
                                    1. Hazard Potential Reduction
                                      1. Predictive Toxicology Tools
                                      2. Principle 5: Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
                                        1. Solvent Role in Chemical Processes
                                          1. Hazardous Solvent Elimination
                                            1. Solvent Greenness Evaluation
                                              1. Selection Guides and Criteria
                                                1. Alternative Solvent Systems
                                                2. Principle 6: Design for Energy Efficiency
                                                  1. Energy Requirement Minimization
                                                    1. Ambient Condition Reactions
                                                      1. Alternative Energy Sources
                                                        1. Microwave Heating
                                                          1. Ultrasound Applications
                                                            1. Photochemical Methods
                                                          2. Principle 7: Use of Renewable Feedstocks
                                                            1. Petrochemical to Bio-based Transition
                                                              1. Biomass as Chemical Feedstock
                                                                1. Biorefinery Concepts
                                                                  1. Integrated Processing Systems
                                                                  2. Principle 8: Reduce Derivatives
                                                                    1. Derivatization Minimization
                                                                      1. Protecting Group Strategies
                                                                        1. Blocking Step Alternatives
                                                                          1. Temporary Modification Reduction
                                                                          2. Principle 9: Catalysis
                                                                            1. Catalytic vs Stoichiometric Reagents
                                                                              1. Catalyst Selectivity and Efficiency
                                                                                1. Homogeneous Catalysis
                                                                                  1. Heterogeneous Catalysis
                                                                                    1. Biocatalysis
                                                                                      1. Photocatalysis
                                                                                        1. Electrocatalysis
                                                                                        2. Principle 10: Design for Degradation
                                                                                          1. Post-Use Product Breakdown
                                                                                            1. Biodegradation Mechanisms
                                                                                              1. Photodegradation Processes
                                                                                                1. Hydrolysis Pathways
                                                                                                  1. Environmental Persistence Avoidance
                                                                                                  2. Principle 11: Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention
                                                                                                    1. In-process Monitoring Systems
                                                                                                      1. Process Analytical Technology
                                                                                                        1. Hazardous Byproduct Prevention
                                                                                                          1. Analytical Instrumentation
                                                                                                          2. Principle 12: Inherently Safer Chemistry
                                                                                                            1. Accident Prevention Design
                                                                                                              1. Chemical Release Minimization
                                                                                                                1. Explosion and Fire Prevention
                                                                                                                  1. Process Safety Integration
                                                                                                                    1. Inherently Safer Design Strategies

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                                                                                                                  1. Introduction to Green Chemistry

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                                                                                                                  3. Alternative Solvents and Reaction Media