French Language Grammar

French Language Grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in the French language. A cornerstone of this system is grammatical gender, where all nouns are classified as either masculine or feminine, a distinction that dictates the form of associated articles, adjectives, and pronouns. French grammar is also characterized by its complex verb conjugation system, which includes a wide array of tenses and moods—such as the indicative, conditional, and the frequently used subjunctive—that express nuances of time, certainty, and desire. Understanding these principles, along with rules for word order and negation, is fundamental to constructing coherent and accurate sentences for effective communication in French.

1. Foundations of French Grammar
   1. The French Alphabet and Pronunciation
      1. The French Alphabet
         1. Letter Names and Sounds
         2. Differences from English Alphabet
      2. Vowel Pronunciation
         1. Simple Oral Vowels
            1. a, e, i, o, u
            2. Open vs. Closed Vowels
         2. Nasal Vowels
            1. an, en, in, on, un
            2. Pronunciation Techniques
      3. Consonant Pronunciation
         1. Voiced Consonants
         2. Voiceless Consonants
         3. Silent Consonants
            1. Final Consonants
            2. H Muet vs. H Aspiré
      4. Semi-vowels and Glides
         1. w, j, ɥ Sounds
         2. Formation and Usage
      5. Syllable Structure
         1. Syllable Division Rules
         2. Stress Patterns
      6. Liaison
         1. Obligatory Liaisons
         2. Optional Liaisons
         3. Forbidden Liaisons
         4. Liaison Consonants
      7. Enchaînement
         1. Consonant-Vowel Links
         2. Difference from Liaison
      8. Common Pronunciation Challenges
         1. French R Sound
         2. Nasal Vowel Distinctions
         3. Silent Letters
   2. French Orthography
      1. Acute Accent
         1. Usage on é
         2. Pronunciation Effects
      2. Grave Accent
         1. Usage on à
         2. Usage on è
         3. Usage on ù
         4. Distinguishing Homophones
      3. Circumflex Accent
         1. Historical Development
         2. Usage on â, ê, î, ô, û
         3. Pronunciation Effects
      4. Diaeresis
         1. Usage on ë, ï, ü
         2. Syllable Separation Function
      5. Cedilla
         1. Usage with ç
         2. Pronunciation Rules
      6. Capitalization Rules
         1. Proper Nouns
         2. Titles and Headings
         3. Accents on Capital Letters
   3. Basic Sentence Patterns
      1. Word Order Fundamentals
         1. Subject-Verb-Object Structure
         2. Flexibility in French
      2. Declarative Sentences
         1. Affirmative Statements
         2. Sentence Components
      3. Negative Sentences
         1. Basic Negation Structure
         2. Word Order Changes
      4. Interrogative Sentences
         1. Question Formation Methods
         2. Word Order in Questions
      5. Exclamatory Sentences
         1. Exclamation Patterns
         2. Emotional Expression