Forest Mensuration and Inventory

  1. Tree Form, Taper, and Volume Estimation
    1. Tree Form Concepts
      1. Form Factor
        1. Absolute Form Factor
          1. Normal Form Factor
            1. Artificial Form Factor
              1. Calculation Methods
              2. Form Class
                1. Girard Form Class
                  1. Measurement Procedures
                    1. Application in Volume Estimation
                    2. Form Point
                      1. Definition and Location
                        1. Measurement Techniques
                        2. Form Quotient
                          1. Upper Stem Taper
                            1. Calculation Methods
                          2. Tree Taper Analysis
                            1. Taper Concept
                              1. Definition and Importance
                                1. Stem Profile Description
                                2. Taper Equations
                                  1. Linear Taper Functions
                                    1. Polynomial Functions
                                      1. Segmented Functions
                                        1. Compatible Taper Systems
                                        2. Taper Model Applications
                                          1. Volume Estimation
                                            1. Merchantable Height Prediction
                                              1. Product Recovery Optimization
                                            2. Individual Tree Volume Estimation
                                              1. Geometric Volume Formulas
                                                1. Cylinder Formula
                                                  1. Application and Limitations
                                                  2. Paraboloid Formula
                                                    1. Mathematical Basis
                                                    2. Cone Formula
                                                      1. Tapered Stem Application
                                                      2. Neiloid Formula
                                                        1. Butt Log Applications
                                                        2. Truncated Solids
                                                          1. Frustum Calculations
                                                        3. Log Scaling Rules
                                                          1. Scribner Decimal C Rule
                                                            1. Rule Development
                                                              1. Table Application
                                                                1. Accuracy Characteristics
                                                                2. Doyle Rule
                                                                  1. Formula Basis
                                                                    1. Calculation Procedures
                                                                      1. Limitations and Bias
                                                                      2. International 1/4-Inch Rule
                                                                        1. Standardization Benefits
                                                                          1. Accuracy Improvements
                                                                            1. Regional Adoption
                                                                            2. Other Regional Rules
                                                                              1. Spaulding Rule
                                                                                1. Maine Rule
                                                                                  1. British Columbia Rules
                                                                                2. Log Defect Assessment
                                                                                  1. Defect Types
                                                                                    1. Knots and Branches
                                                                                      1. Decay and Rot
                                                                                        1. Insect Damage
                                                                                          1. Fire Scars
                                                                                          2. Defect Measurement
                                                                                            1. Scaling Deductions
                                                                                              1. Cull Percentage
                                                                                                1. Grade Reductions
                                                                                              2. Volume Tables and Equations
                                                                                                1. Local Volume Tables
                                                                                                  1. Construction Methods
                                                                                                    1. Species-Specific Tables
                                                                                                    2. Standard Volume Equations
                                                                                                      1. Regional Equations
                                                                                                        1. National Equations
                                                                                                        2. Tarif Systems
                                                                                                          1. Tarif Number Concept
                                                                                                            1. Application Methods
                                                                                                          2. Biomass and Weight Estimation
                                                                                                            1. Green Weight Estimation
                                                                                                              1. Dry Weight Calculation
                                                                                                                1. Moisture Content Factors
                                                                                                                  1. Component Biomass
                                                                                                                    1. Stem Biomass
                                                                                                                      1. Branch Biomass
                                                                                                                        1. Foliage Biomass

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                                                                                                                  2. Fundamentals of Tree Measurement

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                                                                                                                  4. Stand-Level Measurement and Characterization