Environmental Remediation

  1. Site Characterization and Assessment
    1. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA)
      1. Records Review
        1. Historical Land Use
          1. Regulatory Database Searches
            1. Aerial Photographs and Maps
              1. Fire Insurance Maps
                1. Building Department Records
                2. Site Reconnaissance
                  1. Visual Inspection
                    1. Identification of Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs)
                      1. Hazardous Substance Storage Areas
                        1. Waste Management Areas
                        2. Interviews
                          1. Property Owners and Occupants
                            1. Local Authorities and Regulators
                              1. Neighboring Property Owners
                              2. Report Preparation
                                1. Findings and Conclusions
                                  1. Recommendations for Further Action
                                2. Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA)
                                  1. Developing a Sampling and Analysis Plan
                                    1. Defining Data Quality Objectives
                                      1. Selecting Sampling Locations and Methods
                                        1. Statistical Considerations
                                        2. Field Investigation Techniques
                                          1. Soil Sampling
                                            1. Grab Sampling
                                              1. Composite Sampling
                                                1. Soil Boring and Coring
                                                  1. Split-Spoon Sampling
                                                  2. Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation and Sampling
                                                    1. Well Design and Construction
                                                      1. Purging and Sampling Procedures
                                                        1. Low-Flow Sampling
                                                        2. Surface Water and Sediment Sampling
                                                          1. Collection Methods
                                                            1. Sample Preservation and Handling
                                                            2. Soil Gas Surveys
                                                              1. Vapor Probe Installation
                                                                1. Soil Gas Sampling Protocols
                                                                  1. Passive Soil Gas Surveys
                                                                2. Laboratory Analytical Methods
                                                                  1. Analytical Techniques for Organics
                                                                    1. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
                                                                      1. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
                                                                      2. Analytical Techniques for Inorganics
                                                                        1. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)
                                                                          1. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
                                                                          2. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC)
                                                                            1. Blanks and Duplicates
                                                                              1. Matrix Spikes and Surrogates
                                                                          3. Data Analysis and Interpretation
                                                                            1. Contaminant Plume Delineation
                                                                              1. Mapping Plume Extent
                                                                                1. Vertical and Horizontal Distribution
                                                                                  1. Plume Stability Assessment
                                                                                  2. Conceptual Site Model (CSM) Development
                                                                                    1. Source-Pathway-Receptor Analysis
                                                                                      1. Visual and Narrative CSMs
                                                                                        1. Model Refinement and Updates
                                                                                        2. Statistical Analysis of Data
                                                                                          1. Data Distribution Assessment
                                                                                            1. Outlier Identification
                                                                                              1. Trend Analysis
                                                                                            2. Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment
                                                                                              1. Hazard Identification
                                                                                                1. Contaminant Identification
                                                                                                  1. Toxicity Profiles
                                                                                                    1. Literature Review
                                                                                                    2. Dose-Response Assessment
                                                                                                      1. Reference Doses and Slope Factors
                                                                                                        1. Cancer and Non-cancer Effects
                                                                                                          1. Uncertainty Factors
                                                                                                          2. Exposure Assessment
                                                                                                            1. Exposure Pathways
                                                                                                              1. Ingestion
                                                                                                                1. Inhalation
                                                                                                                  1. Dermal Contact
                                                                                                                  2. Exposure Point Concentrations
                                                                                                                    1. Receptor Identification
                                                                                                                      1. Residential Receptors
                                                                                                                        1. Commercial/Industrial Receptors
                                                                                                                          1. Ecological Receptors
                                                                                                                        2. Risk Characterization
                                                                                                                          1. Risk Calculations
                                                                                                                            1. Uncertainty Analysis
                                                                                                                              1. Risk Communication
                                                                                                                                1. Risk Management Decisions

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                                                                                                                            1. Introduction to Environmental Remediation

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                                                                                                                            3. Remediation Technologies