UsefulLinks
Geography
Environmental Geography
Environmental Management
1. Introduction to Environmental Management
2. Core Principles and Concepts
3. Environmental Assessment Tools
4. Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
5. Management of Natural Resources
6. Pollution Control and Waste Management
7. Conservation and Biodiversity Management
8. Environmental Policy, Law, and Governance
9. Contemporary Issues and Future Directions
3.
Environmental Assessment Tools
3.1.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
3.1.1.
Purpose and Legal Framework
3.1.1.1.
National Legislation
3.1.1.2.
International Guidelines
3.1.1.3.
Institutional Requirements
3.1.2.
The EIA Process
3.1.2.1.
Screening
3.1.2.1.1.
Criteria for Screening
3.1.2.1.2.
Types of Projects Requiring EIA
3.1.2.1.3.
Threshold Determination
3.1.2.2.
Scoping
3.1.2.2.1.
Stakeholder Involvement
3.1.2.2.2.
Identification of Key Issues
3.1.2.2.3.
Terms of Reference
3.1.2.3.
Impact Analysis and Prediction
3.1.2.3.1.
Methods of Impact Prediction
3.1.2.3.2.
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Assessment
3.1.2.3.3.
Cumulative Impact Assessment
3.1.2.3.4.
Uncertainty Analysis
3.1.2.4.
Mitigation Measures
3.1.2.4.1.
Avoidance
3.1.2.4.2.
Minimization
3.1.2.4.3.
Compensation
3.1.2.4.4.
Enhancement
3.1.2.5.
Reporting (Environmental Impact Statement)
3.1.2.5.1.
Structure and Content
3.1.2.5.2.
Public Disclosure
3.1.2.5.3.
Non-technical Summary
3.1.2.6.
Review and Decision-making
3.1.2.6.1.
Review Procedures
3.1.2.6.2.
Decision Criteria
3.1.2.6.3.
Appeal Mechanisms
3.1.2.7.
Monitoring
3.1.2.7.1.
Compliance Monitoring
3.1.2.7.2.
Effectiveness Monitoring
3.1.2.7.3.
Adaptive Management
3.1.3.
EIA Quality and Effectiveness
3.1.3.1.
Quality Control Measures
3.1.3.2.
Performance Evaluation
3.2.
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
3.2.1.
Application to Policies, Plans, and Programs
3.2.2.
Differences between EIA and SEA
3.2.3.
Integration with Decision-Making Processes
3.2.4.
SEA Methodologies
3.2.5.
Tiering Concept
3.3.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
3.3.1.
Goal and Scope Definition
3.3.1.1.
Functional Unit
3.3.1.2.
System Boundaries
3.3.1.3.
Allocation Procedures
3.3.2.
Inventory Analysis
3.3.2.1.
Data Collection
3.3.2.2.
Input-Output Analysis
3.3.2.3.
Data Quality Assessment
3.3.3.
Impact Assessment
3.3.3.1.
Impact Categories
3.3.3.2.
Characterization and Weighting
3.3.3.3.
Normalization
3.3.4.
Interpretation
3.3.4.1.
Sensitivity Analysis
3.3.4.2.
Reporting Results
3.3.4.3.
Critical Review
3.3.5.
LCA Software and Databases
3.4.
Environmental Risk Assessment
3.4.1.
Hazard Identification
3.4.1.1.
Types of Hazards
3.4.1.2.
Sources of Hazards
3.4.1.3.
Hazard Characterization
3.4.2.
Dose-Response Assessment
3.4.2.1.
Exposure-Response Relationships
3.4.2.2.
Threshold vs. Non-threshold Effects
3.4.3.
Exposure Assessment
3.4.3.1.
Pathways of Exposure
3.4.3.2.
Population at Risk
3.4.3.3.
Exposure Modeling
3.4.4.
Risk Characterization
3.4.4.1.
Risk Estimation
3.4.4.2.
Uncertainty Analysis
3.4.4.3.
Risk Communication
3.5.
Social Impact Assessment
3.5.1.
Social Impact Identification
3.5.2.
Stakeholder Analysis
3.5.3.
Mitigation and Enhancement Measures
3.6.
Health Impact Assessment
3.6.1.
Health Determinants
3.6.2.
Vulnerable Populations
3.6.3.
Health Risk Evaluation
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2. Core Principles and Concepts
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4. Environmental Management Systems (EMS)