Environmental Engineering

  1. Air Quality Engineering
    1. The Atmosphere and Its Composition
      1. Structure of the Atmosphere
        1. Troposphere
          1. Stratosphere
            1. Mesosphere
              1. Thermosphere
              2. Major Atmospheric Gases
                1. Nitrogen
                  1. Oxygen
                    1. Argon
                      1. Carbon Dioxide
                      2. Minor Atmospheric Gases
                        1. Water Vapor
                          1. Trace Gases
                          2. Atmospheric Properties
                            1. Temperature Profile
                              1. Pressure Variations
                                1. Humidity
                              2. Sources and Types of Air Pollutants
                                1. Criteria Air Pollutants
                                  1. Particulate Matter
                                    1. PM2.5
                                      1. Sources
                                        1. Health Effects
                                          1. Measurement Methods
                                          2. PM10
                                            1. Sources
                                              1. Health Effects
                                                1. Measurement Methods
                                                2. Coarse Particles
                                                3. Sulfur Oxides
                                                  1. Sulfur Dioxide
                                                    1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                      1. Environmental Impacts
                                                        1. Acid Rain
                                                        2. Nitrogen Oxides
                                                          1. Nitric Oxide
                                                            1. Nitrogen Dioxide
                                                              1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                1. Photochemical Reactions
                                                                2. Carbon Monoxide
                                                                  1. Sources
                                                                    1. Toxicity Mechanisms
                                                                      1. Health Effects
                                                                        1. Measurement
                                                                        2. Ozone
                                                                          1. Tropospheric Ozone Formation
                                                                            1. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
                                                                              1. Health and Environmental Effects
                                                                                1. Precursor Relationships
                                                                                2. Lead
                                                                                  1. Historical Sources
                                                                                    1. Current Sources
                                                                                      1. Health Effects
                                                                                        1. Phase-out Programs
                                                                                      2. Hazardous Air Pollutants
                                                                                        1. Definition and Classification
                                                                                          1. Major HAPs
                                                                                            1. Benzene
                                                                                              1. Formaldehyde
                                                                                                1. Mercury
                                                                                                  1. Dioxins
                                                                                                  2. Health Risk Assessment
                                                                                                    1. Regulatory Framework
                                                                                                    2. Volatile Organic Compounds
                                                                                                      1. Sources and Types
                                                                                                        1. Biogenic VOCs
                                                                                                          1. Anthropogenic VOCs
                                                                                                          2. Role in Ozone Formation
                                                                                                            1. Control Strategies
                                                                                                          3. Indoor Air Quality
                                                                                                            1. Common Indoor Pollutants
                                                                                                              1. Radon
                                                                                                                1. Sources and Entry Pathways
                                                                                                                  1. Health Effects
                                                                                                                    1. Measurement and Mitigation
                                                                                                                    2. Formaldehyde
                                                                                                                      1. Sources
                                                                                                                        1. Health Effects
                                                                                                                          1. Control Methods
                                                                                                                          2. Particulates
                                                                                                                            1. Sources
                                                                                                                              1. Size Distributions
                                                                                                                                1. Health Effects
                                                                                                                                2. Biological Contaminants
                                                                                                                                  1. Mold and Fungi
                                                                                                                                    1. Bacteria
                                                                                                                                      1. Allergens
                                                                                                                                        1. Moisture Control
                                                                                                                                        2. Combustion Products
                                                                                                                                          1. Carbon Monoxide
                                                                                                                                            1. Nitrogen Dioxide
                                                                                                                                              1. Particulates
                                                                                                                                            2. Ventilation and Control Strategies
                                                                                                                                              1. Source Control
                                                                                                                                                1. Material Selection
                                                                                                                                                  1. Source Elimination
                                                                                                                                                  2. Ventilation Design
                                                                                                                                                    1. Natural Ventilation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Mechanical Ventilation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Ventilation Rates
                                                                                                                                                        2. Air Cleaning Technologies
                                                                                                                                                          1. Filtration
                                                                                                                                                            1. Adsorption
                                                                                                                                                              1. Electronic Air Cleaners
                                                                                                                                                          2. Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling
                                                                                                                                                            1. Plume Behavior
                                                                                                                                                              1. Plume Types
                                                                                                                                                                1. Looping
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Coning
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fanning
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lofting
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fumigation
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Plume Rise
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Buoyancy Effects
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Momentum Effects
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Briggs Equations
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Gaussian Plume Model
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Model Assumptions
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mathematical Formulation
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Dispersion Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Application and Limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Meteorological Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wind Speed and Direction
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Wind Rose Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Terrain Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Atmospheric Stability
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Stability Classes
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pasquill-Gifford Categories
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Temperature Inversions
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Radiation Inversions
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Subsidence Inversions
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Effects on Dispersion
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Advanced Dispersion Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Box Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lagrangian Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Computational Fluid Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Air Pollution Control Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Control of Particulate Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gravity Settlers
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Design Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Settling Chambers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Efficiency Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Cyclones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Operating Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Design Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Efficiency Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Multiple Cyclones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Wet Scrubbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Spray Towers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Packed Towers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Venturi Scrubbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Impingement Scrubbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Fabric Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Filter Media Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cleaning Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Reverse Air
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pulse Jet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Shaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Electrostatic Precipitators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Operating Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Charging Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Collection Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Design Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Control of Gaseous Pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Absorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Packed Tower Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spray Chambers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mass Transfer Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Solvent Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Adsorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Adsorbent Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Activated Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Zeolites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Silica Gel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Fixed Bed Adsorbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Regeneration Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Condensation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Direct Condensation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Indirect Condensation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Thermal Oxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Direct Incineration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Thermal Incinerators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Combustion Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Heat Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Catalytic Conversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Catalyst Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Catalytic Oxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Selective Catalytic Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Catalyst Deactivation

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