Energy Efficiency and Conservation

  1. Policy, Economics, and Market Mechanisms
    1. Regulatory Frameworks
      1. Energy Efficiency Standards
        1. Minimum Energy Performance Standards
          1. Appliance Efficiency Standards
            1. Building Energy Codes
              1. Residential Energy Codes
                1. Commercial Energy Codes
                  1. Code Development Process
                    1. Compliance and Enforcement
                  2. Transportation Standards
                    1. Fuel Economy Standards
                      1. Emission Standards
                        1. Low Carbon Fuel Standards
                        2. Labeling and Disclosure Programs
                          1. ENERGY STAR Program
                            1. EU Energy Label
                              1. Building Energy Benchmarking
                            2. Economic Incentives and Financing
                              1. Direct Financial Incentives
                                1. Rebates and Subsidies
                                  1. Tax Credits and Deductions
                                    1. Grant Programs
                                    2. Utility Programs
                                      1. Demand-Side Management
                                        1. Energy Efficiency Resource Standards
                                          1. Integrated Resource Planning
                                          2. Financing Mechanisms
                                            1. On-Bill Financing
                                              1. Property Assessed Clean Energy
                                                1. Energy Service Companies
                                                  1. Green Banks
                                                2. Market-Based Mechanisms
                                                  1. Trading Systems
                                                    1. White Certificate Programs
                                                      1. Energy Efficiency Obligations
                                                        1. Carbon Markets Integration
                                                        2. Pricing Mechanisms
                                                          1. Time-of-Use Pricing
                                                            1. Real-Time Pricing
                                                              1. Demand Charges
                                                              2. Carbon Pricing
                                                                1. Carbon Tax Systems
                                                                  1. Cap-and-Trade Programs
                                                                    1. Social Cost of Carbon
                                                                  2. Economic Analysis Methods
                                                                    1. Financial Analysis Techniques
                                                                      1. Simple Payback Period
                                                                        1. Return on Investment
                                                                          1. Internal Rate of Return
                                                                            1. Net Present Value
                                                                            2. Cost-Benefit Analysis
                                                                              1. Cost Identification
                                                                                1. Benefit Quantification
                                                                                  1. Discount Rate Selection
                                                                                    1. Sensitivity Analysis
                                                                                    2. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
                                                                                      1. Initial Costs
                                                                                        1. Operating Costs
                                                                                          1. Maintenance Costs
                                                                                            1. End-of-Life Costs
                                                                                          2. Market Barriers and Solutions
                                                                                            1. Economic Barriers
                                                                                              1. High Upfront Costs
                                                                                                1. Split Incentives
                                                                                                  1. Information Asymmetries
                                                                                                  2. Behavioral and Institutional Barriers
                                                                                                    1. Risk Aversion
                                                                                                      1. Organizational Inertia
                                                                                                        1. Lack of Awareness
                                                                                                        2. Policy Solutions
                                                                                                          1. Market Transformation Programs
                                                                                                            1. Technology Procurement
                                                                                                              1. Public-Private Partnerships

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                                                                                                          6. Energy Conservation and Behavioral Aspects

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                                                                                                          8. Measurement, Monitoring, and Verification