Electromagnetism

  1. Advanced Topics
    1. Electromagnetic Potentials
      1. Scalar and Vector Potentials
        1. Definitions
          1. Gauge Freedom
            1. Physical Interpretation
            2. Gauge Transformations
              1. Gauge Invariance
                1. Coulomb Gauge
                  1. Lorenz Gauge
                    1. Temporal Gauge
                    2. Retarded Potentials
                      1. Causality
                        1. Propagation Delay
                          1. Liénard-Wiechert Potentials
                        2. Electromagnetic Radiation
                          1. Accelerating Charges
                            1. Larmor Formula
                              1. Angular Distribution
                              2. Electric Dipole Radiation
                                1. Oscillating Dipole
                                  1. Radiated Power
                                    1. Angular Pattern
                                      1. Polarization
                                      2. Magnetic Dipole Radiation
                                        1. Oscillating Magnetic Dipole
                                          1. Comparison with Electric Dipole
                                          2. Multipole Radiation
                                            1. Electric Multipoles
                                              1. Magnetic Multipoles
                                                1. Selection Rules
                                                2. Antenna Theory
                                                  1. Hertzian Dipole
                                                    1. Half-Wave Dipole
                                                      1. Antenna Patterns
                                                        1. Radiation Resistance
                                                      2. Relativistic Electromagnetism
                                                        1. Special Relativity and Electromagnetism
                                                          1. Lorentz Transformations
                                                            1. Invariance of Maxwell's Equations
                                                            2. Four-Vector Formulation
                                                              1. Four-Current
                                                                1. Four-Potential
                                                                  1. Field Tensor
                                                                  2. Transformation of Fields
                                                                    1. Electric Field Transformations
                                                                      1. Magnetic Field Transformations
                                                                        1. Electromagnetic Field Tensor
                                                                        2. Covariant Formulation
                                                                          1. Lagrangian Formulation
                                                                            1. Action Principle
                                                                            2. Radiation from Relativistic Charges
                                                                              1. Synchrotron Radiation
                                                                                1. Cherenkov Radiation
                                                                                  1. Bremsstrahlung

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                                                                              8. Electromagnetic Waves

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                                                                              1. Fundamental Concepts and Mathematical Preliminaries