Electromagnetism

8.

Electromagnetic Waves

8.1.

8.1.1.

Derivation from Maxwell's Equations

8.1.2.

Wave Equation for Electric Field

8.1.3.

Wave Equation for Magnetic Field

8.1.4.

General Solutions

8.2.

Plane Waves in Vacuum

8.2.1.

Mathematical Description

8.2.2.

Sinusoidal Waves

8.2.3.

Wave Vector and Frequency

8.2.4.

Phase and Group Velocity

8.2.5.

8.2.6.

Relationship between E and B

8.2.7.

Transverse Nature

8.3.

Energy and Momentum in EM Waves

8.3.1.

8.3.2.

8.3.3.

8.3.4.

Momentum Density

8.3.5.

Radiation Pressure

8.4.

Polarization of EM Waves

8.4.1.

Linear Polarization

8.4.1.1.

Horizontal and Vertical

8.4.1.2.

Arbitrary Linear Polarization

8.4.2.

Circular Polarization

8.4.2.1.

Right and Left Circular

8.4.3.

Elliptical Polarization

8.4.4.

Polarization States

8.4.5.

8.4.6.

Stokes Parameters

8.5.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

8.5.1.

8.5.1.1.

Frequency Ranges

8.5.2.

8.5.2.1.

Frequency Ranges

8.5.3.

Infrared Radiation

8.5.3.1.

Near, Mid, and Far Infrared

8.5.3.2.

Thermal Radiation

8.5.4.

8.5.4.1.

Wavelength Range

8.5.4.2.

Color and Frequency

8.5.5.

Ultraviolet Radiation

8.5.5.1.

UV-A, UV-B, UV-C

8.5.6.

8.5.6.1.

Soft and Hard X-rays

8.5.7.

8.5.7.1.

8.6.

EM Waves in Matter

8.6.1.

Wave Propagation in Linear Media

8.6.1.1.

Refractive Index

8.6.1.2.

8.6.1.3.

8.6.1.4.

8.6.2.

Absorption and Attenuation

8.6.2.1.

Absorption Coefficient

8.6.2.2.

8.6.2.3.

Complex Refractive Index

8.6.3.

Reflection and Transmission

8.6.3.1.

Normal Incidence

8.6.3.1.1.

Reflection Coefficient

8.6.3.1.2.

Transmission Coefficient

8.6.3.2.

Oblique Incidence

8.6.3.2.1.

8.6.3.2.2.

Fresnel Equations

8.6.3.2.3.

Brewster's Angle

8.6.3.2.4.

Total Internal Reflection

8.6.4.

8.6.4.1.

Normal Dispersion

8.6.4.2.

Anomalous Dispersion

8.6.4.3.

Kramers-Kronig Relations

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