Electromagnetism

  1. Electromagnetic Waves
    1. Wave Equations
      1. Derivation from Maxwell's Equations
        1. Wave Equation for Electric Field
          1. Wave Equation for Magnetic Field
            1. General Solutions
            2. Plane Waves in Vacuum
              1. Mathematical Description
                1. Sinusoidal Waves
                  1. Wave Vector and Frequency
                    1. Phase and Group Velocity
                      1. Speed of Light
                        1. Relationship between E and B
                          1. Transverse Nature
                          2. Energy and Momentum in EM Waves
                            1. Energy Density
                              1. Energy Flux
                                1. Intensity
                                  1. Momentum Density
                                    1. Radiation Pressure
                                    2. Polarization of EM Waves
                                      1. Linear Polarization
                                        1. Horizontal and Vertical
                                          1. Arbitrary Linear Polarization
                                          2. Circular Polarization
                                            1. Right and Left Circular
                                            2. Elliptical Polarization
                                              1. Polarization States
                                                1. Jones Vectors
                                                  1. Stokes Parameters
                                                  2. Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                    1. Radio Waves
                                                      1. Frequency Ranges
                                                      2. Microwaves
                                                        1. Frequency Ranges
                                                        2. Infrared Radiation
                                                          1. Near, Mid, and Far Infrared
                                                            1. Thermal Radiation
                                                            2. Visible Light
                                                              1. Wavelength Range
                                                                1. Color and Frequency
                                                                2. Ultraviolet Radiation
                                                                  1. UV-A, UV-B, UV-C
                                                                  2. X-rays
                                                                    1. Soft and Hard X-rays
                                                                    2. Gamma Rays
                                                                      1. Nuclear Origin
                                                                    3. EM Waves in Matter
                                                                      1. Wave Propagation in Linear Media
                                                                        1. Refractive Index
                                                                          1. Phase Velocity
                                                                            1. Group Velocity
                                                                              1. Dispersion
                                                                              2. Absorption and Attenuation
                                                                                1. Absorption Coefficient
                                                                                  1. Skin Depth
                                                                                    1. Complex Refractive Index
                                                                                    2. Reflection and Transmission
                                                                                      1. Normal Incidence
                                                                                        1. Reflection Coefficient
                                                                                          1. Transmission Coefficient
                                                                                          2. Oblique Incidence
                                                                                            1. Snell's Law
                                                                                              1. Fresnel Equations
                                                                                                1. Brewster's Angle
                                                                                                  1. Total Internal Reflection
                                                                                                2. Dispersion
                                                                                                  1. Normal Dispersion
                                                                                                    1. Anomalous Dispersion
                                                                                                      1. Kramers-Kronig Relations

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                                                                                                  9. Advanced Topics